the periodic table Flashcards
how are the elements arranged on the periodic table?
increasing atomic number
what is the horizontal row of elements known as?
period
what is the vertical column of elements known as?
group
what kind of bonding do metals have?
metallic bonding exists in its elemental state
what kind of bonding do metalloids have?
covalent bonding exists in its elemental state
what kind of bonding do non-metals have?
covalent bonding exists in its elemental state
do metals conduct electricity?
can conduct electricity at its elemental state
do metalloids conduct electricity?
can conduct electricity at its elemental state
do non-metals conduct electricity?
cannot conduct electricity at its elemental state
what is the trend in metallic properties across the period?
tend to decrease
what is the trend in non-metallic properties across the period?
tend to increase
what is the trend in reactivity with water across the period?
decrease across the period
what is the trend in oxides formed across the period?
strongly basic to amphoteric to strongly acidic
what is the trend in solubility of oxides across the period?
decreases and then increases across the period
what is a group?
vertical column of elements
what do elements in the same group have in common?
same number of valence electrons
what do similar valence electrons decide for elements?
the chemical properties are similar
what are the elements in group i?
alkali metals
what are the physical properties of alkali metals?
good conductors of heat and electricity + soft and malleable
what is the trend down group i?
mp and bp decreases down the group, the density of elements increase, increase in atomic number and atomic radius (from lithium to caesium)
why are alkali metals very reactive?
they only have one valence electron and thus make it very easy to lose an electron to gain a stable noble gas configuration
why does the chemical reactivity increase down group i?
the outermost electron becomes increasingly further from the nucleus due to an increase in the number of electron shells from lithium to caesium, hence there is decreasing electrostatic attraction between nucleus and the outermost electrons, making it easier for removal of the valence electron
what kind of oxidising agents are alkali metals?
powerful oxidising agents
how do alkali metals react with cold water?
react vigorously with cold water to form soluble hydroxides and hydrogen
what are group vii elements called?
halogens/salt producers
what are the physical properties of halogens?
diatomic molecules + low mp and bp + colours intensify down the group + slightly soluble in water + very soluble in organic solvents
why does chemical reactivity decrease down the group?
ability of the halogen to react depend on its ability to gain an electron and as atoms increase in size, the increasing number of electron shells screen the valence she’ll nuclear attraction thus making ionisation more difficult
what is the trend down group vii in terms of mp/bp?
more energy taken in, mp/bp increases
why does mp/bp increase down the grp?
as the mr increases, there is stronger Van Der Waals forces
how do halogens react in displacement reactions?
a more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from solution of its salt
