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(6092) Chemistry > carboxylic acid + alcohols > Flashcards

carboxylic acid + alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of functional group is in a carboxylic acid?

A

carboxyl functional group (-COOH)

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2
Q

what is the general formula of a carboxlic acid?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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3
Q

what is the structural formula of methanoic acid?

A

HCOOH

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4
Q

what is the structural formula of ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH

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5
Q

what is the structural formula of propanoic acid?

A

C2H5COOH/CH3CH2COOH

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6
Q

what is the structural formula of butanoic acid?

A

C3H7COOH / CH3CH2CH2COOH

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7
Q

why do the boiling points of carboxylic acids increase down the series?

A

as the molecules become larger and heavier, the molecular size of alkanes increases and the intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules increases -> more energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces ofa ttraction between the molecules

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8
Q

what is the trend of carboxlic acids’ solubility in water?

A

as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases, the solubility decreasees

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9
Q

what state of matter are the first four carboxylic acids?

A

liquids at room temperature

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10
Q

why are carboxylic acids weak acids?

A

they dissociate/ionise partially in water to produce hydrogen ions (RCOOH -><- RCOO- + H+)

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11
Q

how do carboxylic acids react with reactive metals?

A

carboxylic acids + reactive metal -> salt + hydrogen

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12
Q

how do carboxylic acids react with bases?

A

(neutralisation) carboxylic acid + base -> salt + water

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13
Q

how do carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

A

carboxylic acid + metal carbonate -> carbon dioxide + water + salt

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14
Q

what is the reaction that creates esters?

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water

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15
Q

what are the conditions that form esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols?

A

alcohol with concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst + heat (under reflux)

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16
Q

why does concentrated sulfuric acid need to be used to form esters?

A

catalyses the reaction + helps to shift the position of equilibirum to the right as it removes water

17
Q

where is ethanoic acid used?

A

as a flavouring + preservative in food

18
Q

how can u make ethanoic acid from ethanol?

A

oxidiation with acidified KMNO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7 and heat under reflux / oxidation by atmospheric oxygen

19
Q

what does acidified potassium manganate (VII) do in ethanoic acids production?

A

it acts as an oxidising agent and is reduced + colour changes from purple to colourless

20
Q

what does acidified potassium dichromate (VI) do in ethanoic acids production?

A

acts as an oxidising agent and is reduced + colour changes from orange to green

21
Q

what does ethanol do in ethanoic acids production?

A

it acts as a reducing agent and is oxidised to ethanoic acid

22
Q

what is the reaction of ethanol’s oxidation?

A

CH3CH2OH (l) + 2(O) -> (heat) CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l)

23
Q

what is the equation of oxidation by atmospheric oxygen?

A

CH3CH20H (l) + O2 (g) -> (bacteria) CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l)

24
Q

what is an ester?

A

formed between carboxylic acid + alcohol

25
Q

what is the generla formula for an ester?

A

CnH2nO2

26
Q

what is the functional group of esters

A

-COO-

27
Q

what are some physical properties of esters?

A

colourless and volatiel liquids + possess pleasant smell

28
Q

what is the trend of esters being soluble in water?

A

small esters are soluble in water, but solubility decreases with increase in molecular size -> most esters are insoluble in water

29
Q

what are the uses of esters?

A

used in food flavouring + manufacure perfumes + as solvents for cosmetics and glues + in soaps

30
Q

what is esterification?

A

when an ester is formed when a mixture of an aolchol and a carboxylic acid is warmed together with a few drops of concntrated sulfuric acid

31
Q

what are the conditions of esterification?

A

heating under reflux + concentrated sulfuric acid as a cata;lyst

32
Q

what type of reactions are esterification?

A

condensation reaction + reversible reaction

33
Q

how are esters name?

A

from alcohols: make name into an alkyl form
from carboxylic acid: replace the ‘-ic acid’ with ‘-ate’

33
Q

how are esters name?

A

from alcohols: make name into an alkyl form
from carboxylic acid: replace the ‘-ic acid’ with ‘-ate’

(6092) Chemistry (17 decks)

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