kinetic particle theory Flashcards
what is matter?
anything that has weight and occupies space
what is matter made up of?
atoms, molecules or ions
what is Brownian motion?
the random movement of very small particles suspended in a fluid that results from collision with molecules
why does Brownian motion prove the existence of particles?
the larger pollen grains are moving because they are continually being hit by water molecules which cannot be seen through the microscope which are around
how are solids arranged?
particles are very close together and packed in ar regular pattern
how are liquids arranged?
particles are less tightly held but are still close together in a disorderly manner
how are gases arranged?
particles are spaced very far apart in random order
how are the attractive forces in solids?
very strong attractive forces
how are the attractive forces in liquids?
strong but weaker compared to those in solid
how are the attractive forces in gases?
very weak
what is the motion of particles of a solid?
particles are held in fixed position and can only vibrate about these fixed positions
what is the motion of particles of a liquid?
particles slide over each other freely
what is the motion of a particles of a gas?
particles move very quickly and randomly
what are 4 common properties of solids?
cannot be compressed, have definite volume, have definite shape, very strong attractive forces between particles
what are 4 common properties of liquids?
cannot be compressed, have definite volume, does not have definite shape and takes the shape of containers, strong attractive forces between particles
what are 4 common properties of gases?
can be compressed, no definite shape, no definite volume, weak attractive forces between particles
what kind of change is a change in state?
a physical change only occurring with a a change of energy
what are the processes between liquid and solids?
freezing, melting
what are the processes between liquids and gases?
boiling, condensation
what are the processes between solids and gases?
sublimation, deposition
what is sublimation?
the change of state from solid to gas without melting
what is the 1st difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling only occurs at boiling temperature, evaporation occurs at any temperature even below boiling temperature
what is the 2nd difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling only occurs throughout the liquid, and evaporation occurs only at the surface of the liquid
what is the 3rd difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling only occurs rapidly, evaporation occurs slowly
how do you explain melting by kinetic particle theory?
when a solid is heated, particles gain heat energy from its surroundings, the kinetic energy of particles increases, and particles vibrate more vigorously and at melting point, vibrations are strong enough o overcome the attractive forces between particles and particles become further apart and able toe exchange positions with the surrounding particles
what is diffusion?
the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration
what is the rate of diffusion affected by?
directly proportional to temperature of substance, inversely proportional to the molecular mass of particles
what can diffusion be used for?
as evidence that shows the particles are in constant random motion
