kinetic particle theory

Question 1

what is matter?

Answer 1

anything that has weight and occupies space

Question 2

what is matter made up of?

Answer 2

atoms, molecules or ions

Question 3

what is Brownian motion?

Answer 3

the random movement of very small particles suspended in a fluid that results from collision with molecules

Question 4

why does Brownian motion prove the existence of particles?

Answer 4

the larger pollen grains are moving because they are continually being hit by water molecules which cannot be seen through the microscope which are around

Question 5

how are solids arranged?

Answer 5

particles are very close together and packed in ar regular pattern

Question 6

how are liquids arranged?

Answer 6

particles are less tightly held but are still close together in a disorderly manner

Question 7

how are gases arranged?

Answer 7

particles are spaced very far apart in random order

Question 8

how are the attractive forces in solids?

Answer 8

very strong attractive forces

Question 9

how are the attractive forces in liquids?

Answer 9

strong but weaker compared to those in solid

Question 10

how are the attractive forces in gases?

Answer 10

very weak

Question 11

what is the motion of particles of a solid?

Answer 11

particles are held in fixed position and can only vibrate about these fixed positions

Question 12

what is the motion of particles of a liquid?

Answer 12

particles slide over each other freely

Question 13

what is the motion of a particles of a gas?

Answer 13

particles move very quickly and randomly

Question 14

what are 4 common properties of solids?

Answer 14

cannot be compressed, have definite volume, have definite shape, very strong attractive forces between particles

Question 15

what are 4 common properties of liquids?

Answer 15

cannot be compressed, have definite volume, does not have definite shape and takes the shape of containers, strong attractive forces between particles

Question 16

what are 4 common properties of gases?

Answer 16

can be compressed, no definite shape, no definite volume, weak attractive forces between particles

Question 17

what kind of change is a change in state?

Answer 17

a physical change only occurring with a a change of energy

Question 18

what are the processes between liquid and solids?

Answer 18

freezing, melting

Question 19

what are the processes between liquids and gases?

Answer 19

boiling, condensation

Question 20

what are the processes between solids and gases?

Answer 20

sublimation, deposition

Question 21

what is sublimation?

Answer 21

the change of state from solid to gas without melting

Question 22

what is the 1st difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 22

boiling only occurs at boiling temperature, evaporation occurs at any temperature even below boiling temperature

Question 23

what is the 2nd difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 23

boiling only occurs throughout the liquid, and evaporation occurs only at the surface of the liquid

Question 24

what is the 3rd difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 24

boiling only occurs rapidly, evaporation occurs slowly

Question 25

how do you explain melting by kinetic particle theory?

Answer 25

when a solid is heated, particles gain heat energy from its surroundings, the kinetic energy of particles increases, and particles vibrate more vigorously and at melting point, vibrations are strong enough o overcome the attractive forces between particles and particles become further apart and able toe exchange positions with the surrounding particles

Question 26

what is diffusion?

Answer 26

the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 27

what is the rate of diffusion affected by?

Answer 27

directly proportional to temperature of substance, inversely proportional to the molecular mass of particles

Question 28

what can diffusion be used for?

Answer 28

as evidence that shows the particles are in constant random motion