The Pentateuch and Law

Question 1

What did Jesus say about the Old Testament (OT) in Matthew 5:17-18; Luke 24:27, 44; John 10:35?

Answer 1

Matthew: he has not come to abolish the law of the prophets but to fulfill them; scripture will never pass away.
Luke: God told the prophets about himself.
John: scripture cannot be broken.

Question 2

Type?

Answer 2

type: a special example, symbol, or picture that God designated before hand to point forward to a later, larger fulfillment.

Question 3

Anti-type?

Answer 3

antitype: the fulfillment of the type.

Question 4

What are the three OT offices and how were they fulfilled by Christ?

Answer 4

Prophet: he predicted things that were going to happen to himself.
Priest: Jesus was our mediator between God and was the sacrifice.
King: God raised himself up from the dead and now rules over the earth.

Question 5

What does Bible mean?

Answer 5

Bible: Greek word “biblos” for book or scroll.

Question 6

What does Old Testament mean?

Answer 6

Old Testament: the term came after Jesus so separate the material the foreshadowed him from the material the he fulfilled the foreshadow

Question 7

What are the languages in which the OT was originally written?

Answer 7

Hebrew and Aramaic

Question 8

What are the three genres of the OT, two sub-genres, and the main characteristic of each?

Answer 8

1. Prose: historical narrative. A. Law: God’s instruction.
   2: Poetry: characterized by imagery/symbolism. B. Wisdom: practical advice for Godly living.
2. Prophecy: Forthtelling (delivering God’s word) and Foretelling (announcing God’s activity beforehand)

Question 9

What are the two-fold divisions of the OT (not the specifics)? (from “The Structure of the Old Testament”)

Answer 9

1. The Biblical Division: A. The Law B. The Prophets

Question 10

What are the three-fold divisions of the OT (not the specifics)? (from “The Structure of the Old Testament”)

Answer 10

2. The Jewish Division: A. The Law B. The Prophets C. The Writings

Question 11

What are thefour-fold divisions of the OT (not the specifics)? (from “The Structure of the Old Testament”)

Answer 11

3. The Modern Division: A. Law B. History C. Poetry D. Prophets

Question 12

What does “Pentateuch” mean and what are the other terms used for the Pentateuch?

Answer 12

“Five scrolls,” The Torah, The Law, The Books of Moses

Question 13

How are these books named in the Hebrew Scriptures and what do they mean in English?

Answer 13

Hebrew: first word or phrase. 
Genesis: in the beginning; 
Exodus: and these are the names; 
Leviticus: and he called; 
Numbers: in the wilderness; 
Deuteronomy: these are the words.

Question 14

What do the English titles of these books of the Pentateuch mean?

Answer 14

Genesis: origins or beginnings;
Exodus: exciting or going out; 
Leviticus: Levites; 
Numbers: numbering; 
Deuteronomy: second law.

Question 15

What is the traditional view of the authorship of the Pentateuch and the supporting reasons?

Answer 15

Moses: 1. he was highly educated as an adopted son of pharaoh. 2. early and ongoing Rubinic/Jewish teaching that Moses wrote it. 3. The Bible itself provides evidence

Question 16

What is the contemporary view and its various titles?

Answer 16

The Documentary Hypothesis AKA Graf-Wellhausen Theory AKA Multi-Documentary/source Theory AKA JEDP Theory

Question 17

What are the four common sources in this contemporary view?

Answer 17

The Yahwist source, the Elohim source, the Deuteronomist source, the Priestly source

Question 18

How can this view be refuted?

Answer 18

1. no manuscript evidence
2. no mention of suggested sources in other ancient manuscripts
3. it is largely based on an otherwise rejected, outdated theory of religious evolution