The Pectoral Region, Thoracic Cage And Lungs

Question 1

Where is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 1

Clavicular head, sternocostal head, ribs 1-6

Question 2

Where is the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 2

Intertubucular groove/bicipital groove

Question 3

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

Answer 3

Adducts and medially rotates upper limb. Draws scapula anteriorly

Question 4

Where is the origin of pectoralis minor?

Answer 4

Ribs 3,4,5

Question 5

What are the articulations of the clavicle?

Answer 5

Medially with the manubrium of the sternum (sternoclavicular joint)
Laterally with the scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
Inferiorly with the 1st rib (costoclavicular joint)

Question 6

Where does lymph from the upper outer quadrant of the breast drain?

Answer 6

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 7

Which costal cartilage connects to the sternum at the sternal angle?

Answer 7

2nd costal cartilage

Question 8

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 8

Stabilises the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall. Raises ribs in inspiration

Question 9

How does contraction of pectoralis major assist in breathing?

Answer 9

Plays a part in deep inhalation

Pulls the rib cage to create room for the lungs to expand

Question 10

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Answer 10

12
7 true
3 false
2 floating

Question 11

What is the surface marking for the apex of the lung?

Answer 11

2-3cms above the clavicle

Question 12

What are the surface markings of the lower border of the lungs?

Answer 12

6th rib midclavicular line
8th rib midaxillary line
10th rib posteriorly

Question 13

Where does the oblique fissure lie?

Answer 13

Starts at T3, descends downwards, laterally and anteriorly reaching the 5th rib in the midaxillary line and ending at the 6th costal cartilage

Question 14

Where does the horizontal fissure lie in the R lung?

Answer 14

Starts at 4th costal cartilage and runs horizontally to meet the oblique fissure in midaxillary line in the 5th rib

Question 15

What nerve supplies motor sensation to the diaphragm and where does this come from?

Answer 15

Phrenic nerve

C3,4,5

Question 16

What makes a good chest X-ray?

Answer 16

Entire thoracic cage should be seen - Anterior and posterior ribs, both diaphragms
Taken in the view you need (typically PA)
Straight spine and trachea (to ensure no rotation)
Taken in full inspiration

Question 17

If you aspirate something which bronchus is likely to end up in and why?

Answer 17

Right due to the lumen being more vertical and slightly wider than the left.

Question 18

Briefly describe the route of the phrenic nerve.

Answer 18

Originates in the neck C3-C5 and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm

Question 19

What nerve does parasympathetic innervation of the lungs come from?

Answer 19

Derived from the vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 20

What makes the right and left borders of the heart on a PA chest x-Ray?

Answer 20

R - right atrium

L- left ventricle and left atrial appendage

Question 21

What are the 4 main structures found at the hilum of the lung?

Answer 21

Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein x 2