Abdomen Flashcards
Describe the location of the foregut and where pain is referred to
From the oesophagus to midway down the duodenum
Epigastric region
Describe the location of the midgut and where pain is referred to
From midway down the duodenum to 2/3rds across the transverse colon
Umbilical region
Describe the location of the hindgut and where pain is referred to
From distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon to half way down the rectum
Epigastric region
What is the blood supply of the foregut?
Coeliac trunk
What is the blood supply of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the blood supply of the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
Describe the venous drainage of the midgut, hindgut and foregut to inferior vena cava
All drain into hepatic portal vein, portal vein splits into L and R branch which passes into liver. This drains to sinusoids and the sinusoids drain into the hepatic veins which drain into inferior vena cava
What is the nerve supply to the foregut and where are the nerve roots?
Greater splanchnic - T5-T9/10
What is the nerve supply to the midgut and where are the nerve roots?
Lesser splanchnic - T10-11
What is the nerve supply to the hindgut and where are the nerve routes?
Least splanchnic - T12
Where is McBurney’s point and what is it’s significance?
2/3rds the distance from the umbilical to the right anterior superior iliac spine - surface marking of the base of the appendix
Describe the 3 flat muscles of the abdomen including direction of muscle fibres from most superficial to deepest
External oblique - largest, muscle fibres run diagonally downwards towards midline
Internal oblique - muscle fibres run diagonally upwards towards midline
Transverse abdominals - muscle fibres run horizontally
What is the peritoneal cavity?
A potential space between the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum surrounding the abdominal organs
What is a retroperitoneal organ?
Structures that lie behind the peritoneum
Name as many retroperitoneal organs as you can.
None - mark 1, 4 - mark 3, all - mark 5
Supraadrenal glands
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas Ureters Colon Kidneys oEsophagus Rectum
What is an intraperitoneal organ?
Organs that have a mesentery and associated with anterior portion of the peritoneal cavity
Name as many intraperitoneal organs as you can
None - mark 1, 4 - mark 3, all - mark 5
Stomach Appendix Liver Transverse colon Jejunum Ileum Sigmoid colon Spleen
Where would you find the transpyloric plane?
Transverse plane located halfway between the suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis. Approximately at the level of the 9th costal cartilages
Name the 9 regions the abdomen can be split into from R - L
R hypochondriac, epigastric, L hypochondriac, R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar, R iliac, hypogastric, L iliac
What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique?
O - Ribs 5-12
I - Iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, linea alba
What is the origin and insertion of the internal oblique?
O - Inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
I - Ribs 10-12, linea alba, pecten pubis
What is the origin and insertion of the transversus oblique?
O - Iliac crest, inginual ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
I - Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis
What is the nerve supply to the abdominal muscles?
T7-T11
What is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominus?
O - Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I - ribs 5,6,7 and xiphoid process
What is the surface marking of the bifurcation of the aorta?
At the level of L4
What is the function of the inguinal canal?
Allows the passage of the spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females through the abdominal wall
