Stomach, Small And Large Bowel

Question 1

What is the first anterior branch of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 1

Coeliac trunk

Question 2

What arteries branch to the left of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 2

L. Gastric

L. Splenic —> L. Gastroepiploic

Question 3

What arteries would you find to the right of the coeliac trunk, coming off the first main branch only?

Answer 3

CT —> Common hepatic –> L. and R. hepatic
CH —> R. Gastric
CH —> R. Gastroduodenal

Question 4

What arteries come off the R. Gastroduodenal artery?

Answer 4

R. Gastroepiploic

Superior pancreaticoduodenal

Question 5

What part of the stomach do the R and L gastric artery supply?

Answer 5

Lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 6

What part of the stomach do the R and L gastroepiploic artery supply?

Answer 6

Greater curvature of the stomach

Question 7

What is the second anterior branch of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 7

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 8

Describe the venous drainage into the hepatic portal vein via the splenic vein only (ie left side drainage)

Answer 8

Rectal, sigmoid and L colic vein drain into inferior mesenteric vein which drains into the splenic vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein.

L. Gastroepiploic vein also drains into splenic and then to HPV

Question 9

Describe the venous drainage into the hepatic portal vein via the superior mesenteric vein (ie right side)

Answer 9

Ileocolic, R colic, middle colic, jejunal, ileal, pancreaticoduodenal and R gastroepiploic veins all drain into the superior mesenteric vein which drains into the HPV

Question 10

What veins drain directly into the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 10

Superior mesenteric and splenic anastomose to drain into HPV.
R and L gastric also drain directly into HPV. (Some oesophageal veins drain into L gastric and then into HPV but process isn’t direct)

Question 11

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 11

Large fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach, covers the small intestine to connect to the transverse colon, important in storage for fat deposits and role in immunity

Question 12

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 12

Double layer of peritoneum that attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the porta hepatis of the liver

Question 13

What is the lesser sac?

Answer 13

Also known as the omental bursa it is a hollow space formed by the lesser and greater omentum and its organs

Question 14

What is the greater sac?

Answer 14

General cavity of the abdomen, compromises most of the peritoneal cavity

Question 15

Name the two sphincters of the stomach and their function?

Answer 15

Cardiac sphincter - prevents acidic contents from stomach entering the oesophagus
Pyloric sphincter - acts as a valve to control the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine

Question 16

Name the parts of the stomach from top to bottom

Answer 16

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 17

What arteries supply the ascending colon?

Answer 17

Two branches of the superior mesenteric artery - ileocolic and right colic

Question 18

What arteries supply the transverse colon?

Answer 18

Branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries - right, middle and left colic

Question 19

What artery supplies the descending colon?

Answer 19

Branch of the inferior mesenteric artery - left colic

Question 20

At what vetebral levels does the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries arise from

Answer 20

S - L1

I - L3

Question 21

What is a hiatus hernia and where does it occur?

Answer 21

Occurs when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 22

What is the importance of plicae circularis?

Answer 22

The circular folds slow passage of food along the small intestine allowing extra surface area for absorption, they are covered with microvilli that can absorb fats and nutrients from chyme