Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > The Parasympathetic NS > Flashcards

The Parasympathetic NS Flashcards

1
Q

When is the parasympathetic NS most active?

A

when a person is relaxed and resting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens when the parasympathetic NS is active?

A
  • heart beat and respiratory rate slow down
  • peristalsis is active
  • pupils constrict
  • saliva is secreted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons found?

A

in the organ itself (they go to surrounding areas and have no need to be as long as the presynaptic neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic NS and what does it allow?

A

ACh to allow a much longer response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do most of the preganglionic parasympathetic NS neurons originate?

A

in the brainstem and sacral part of the spinal cord (CIII, VII, IX and X and S2-4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the postganglionic parasympathetic NS neurons innervate?

A
  • heart
  • structures with smooth muscles
  • glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves related to the parasympathetic NS?

A
  • oculomotor (CIII)
  • facial (CVII)
  • glossopharyngeal (CIX)
  • Vagus (CX)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Vagus nerve do?

A

innervate the heart, lungs and all the abdominal viscera up to the left colic flexure (proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the transverse colon?

A

the most mobile and longest part of the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the Vagus nerve aggregated?

A

in the dorsal motor nucleus of the Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the postsynaptic parasympathetic cell bodies of the Vagus nerve located?

A

in the atrial wall and interatrial septum near the SA and AV nodes and along the coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation to the heart do?

A
  • slow HR
  • reduce force of contraction
  • constrict coronary arteries to save energy between periods of increased demand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ACh in the heart do?

A

bind with muscarinic receptors to slow the rates of depolarisation of the pacemaker cells and AV conduction and decrease atrial contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres conveyed to the pulmonary plexus synapse?

A
  • parasympathetic ganglion cells in the pulmonary plexuses
  • along the branches of the bronchial tree
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the Vagus nerve pass into the abdomen?

A

by piercing through the diaphragm together with the oesophagus to synapse with neurons in the walls of the GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Vagus nerve supply in the walls of the GIT?

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • parts of the large intestine
17
Q

What parts of the large intestine does the Vagus nerve supply?

A

ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

18
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the GIT innervated by the parasympathetic NS?

A
  • submucosal plexus for secretion of digestive glands
  • myenteric plexus for contraction of smooth muscles or peristalsis
19
Q

What does the sacral parasympathetic outflow supply?

A
  • distal third of the transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • genital and urinary systems
20
Q

How do the axons reach the mural ganglia of the descending colon, ureter and genital organs?

A

they leave through the ventral roots and soon separate from the spinal nerve to form the pelvic splanchnic nerves

21
Q

What does parasympathetic supply to the bladder cause?

A

contraction of the detrusor muscle in the wall for micturition (urination)

22
Q

What does parasympathetic supply to the external genitalia cause?

A

increased blood flow into the cavernous spaces of the penis leading to erection in males and to clitoral engorgement in females

23
Q

In which 5 nuclei are cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons located?

A
  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus
  • Superior salivary nucleus
  • Inferior salivary nucleus
  • Lacrimal nucleus
  • Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus
24
Q

Which cranial nerves correspond to which brainstem nuclei?

A
  • Edinger-Westphal = eye via CIII
  • Lacrinmal = lacrimal gland via CVII
  • superior salivary = submandibular and sublingual glands via CVII
  • inferior salivary = parotid gland via CIX
  • dorsal motor = heart, lungs and GIT via CX
25
Q

What happens as the preganglionic parasympathetic axons approach their destinations?

A

they synapse in specific ganglia before postganglionic neurons finally reach their target organs

26
Q

Where does each parasympathetic cranial nerve synapse before reaching their target?

A
  • CIII = ciliary ganglion
  • CVII = pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion
  • CIX = otic ganglion
  • CX = mural ganglia in GIT
27
Q

What do postsynaptic fibres from the ciliary ganglion supply?

A

the sphincter pupillae and ciliary body in the eye

28
Q

How does the sphincter pupillae change?

A

depending on light availability and relaxation state

29
Q

When does the sphincter pupillae stretch and contract respectively?

A
  • stretch when there is light in the eye or sympathetic innervation
  • contract where there is less light or parasympathetic innervation
30
Q

What are the lacrimal glands?

A

tear ducts of the eye responsible for cleaning and removing foreign objects

31
Q

What supplies the lacrimal gland?

A

postsynaptic fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion

32
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons for the submandibular and sublingual glands located?

A

in the superior salivary nucleus

33
Q

How does activation of the parasympathetic NS help with digestion?

A

secretion of saliva by the submandibular and sublingual glands as well as the parotid gland that contains amylase enzymes

34
Q

Where do axons in the inferior salivary nucleus synapse?

A

in the otic ganglion

35
Q

What are the sizes of the pre and postsynaptic neurons for the sympathetic and parasympathetic Ns?

A
  • preganglionc SNS = short
  • postganglionic SNS = long
  • preganglionic PNS = long
  • postganglionic PNS = short

Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions