The organization of life – From atoms to the biosphere

Question 1

Definition of Life

Answer 1

Organization
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Growth
Adaptation
Responsiveness
Reproduction

Question 2

organisation

Answer 2

Being composed of one or more cells- the basic unit of lie

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

Maintenance of a constant state - like constant glucose levels

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

Conversion of chemicals to obtain energy and cellular building blocks

Question 5

Growth

Answer 5

Cells grow and divide

Question 6

Adaptation

Answer 6

Ability to change - evolution

Question 7

resposivness

Answer 7

Ability to respond to stimuli

Question 8

Reproduction

Answer 8

The ability to produce new, individual organisms

Question 9

Atoms and molecules

Answer 9

Atoms are the building blocks of molecules;
they can make covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds.

Question 10

Basic structure of an atmom

Answer 10

A nucleus in the middle containing protons and neutrons
Nucleus is surrounded by e-s orbital shells
Tye first orbital shell only holds mx 2 e-s
All other ones hold max 8 e-s
Negative atoms acquired an electron
Positive atoms lose an e-

Question 11

How are the atoms/ elements classified?

Answer 11

Elements are classified by the no. of protons in atoms
All elements that dont have a full outer shell are reactive and try to fill their outer shell so they bons w other elements
A=Z+N
Protons + neutrons= atomic mass= usually mo. of e-s

Question 12

3 types of chemical bonds

Answer 12

Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds

Question 13

Covalent bonds

Answer 13

The sharing of a pair of valence e-s by two atoms
Come close and orbitals overlap

Question 14

Non polar covalent bonds

Answer 14

The e-s are shared equally
The two bonding molecules have the same EN

Question 15

Electronegativity

Answer 15

tendency of an atom to attract electrons
attraction of particular atoms for e-s of a covalent bond

Question 16

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 16

When an atom like H is bonded to a more EN atom like O or N, the e-s of that bond are pulled more toward the O or N, creating partially + or partially - charge on the molecule
Some parts of the molecule become more - or +

Question 17

Ionic Bonds

Answer 17

The transfer of an e- from one atom to other resulting in a positively charged atom (cations) and a negativly charged atom (anion) which attract eachother

Question 18

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 18

Always involves Hydrogen
The attraction of a partially positive side of atoms to the partially negative side of other atom
Ex: water allies hydrogen to interact w all types of atoms

Question 19

The most important biomolecules

Answer 19

are nucleic acids
Proteins
carbohydrates
lipids

Question 20

Carbohydrates

Answer 20

sugars, monosaccharides (monomers, glucose ) and polysaccharides (polymers)
chains of C and H

Question 21

Nucleic Acid (DNA, RNA)

Answer 21

consisting of 4 dif monomers (nucleotides)
Adenin, Guanin, Cytosine, Thymain (Uracil)

Question 22

Lipids

Answer 22

fatty acids, mono lipids etc

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

consisting of 20 dif monomers (amino acids)

Question 24

Macromolecules

Answer 24

huge molecules (polymers) consitsing of viable number of coupled building blocks

Question 25

Eukaryotes

Answer 25

Multicellualr organisms
Cells form tissues
Tissues can form organs
Organs form organ systems
A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that carry out a specific function

Question 26

Prokaryotes

Answer 26

Unicellualr organisms

Question 27

populations

Answer 27

Individuals of the same species

Question 28

communities

Answer 28

Multiple populations

Question 29

Ecosystem

Answer 29

Include communities and abiotic environmental factors

Question 30

Abiotic

Answer 30

non living interacts with biotic- living

Question 31

Biosphere

Answer 31

is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems; in other words, the zone of life on Earth
Divided into biomes, each holding ecosystems

Question 32

Bioms

Answer 32

tundra, grassland, forests, deserts, and aquatic biomes, each containing multiple ecosystems
→ A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region