The code of life: expression of the genome

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

is the total genetic content, the DNA of the organism

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

piece of DNA (genetic information) that contains the code for a protein(polypeptide)

Question 3

Central dogma of life

Answer 3

DNA→ RNA→ protein

DNA→ RNA is transcription
RNA→ protein is RNA translation
When genetic info is transformed into functional information

Question 4

Structure of a gene

Answer 4

DNA double helix
Sugar, base, desoxy ribose
Structure determines form, form determines function

Question 5

Function of a gene

Answer 5

Tells the cells wat proteins to create which in turn have many functions
Necessary to survive

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

DNA to mRNA

Question 7

Transcription process Initiation

Answer 7

RNA polymerase binds to promoter
Polymerase unwinds the DNA strands
RNA synthesis is initiated at start point on the template strand
RNA polymerase works with transcription factors

Question 8

Transcription elongation

Answer 8

Polymerase moves downstream, unwinding DNA
RNA transcript is elongated 5’ to 3’ directiom
DNA strands re-form a double helix after transcription

Question 9

Transcription termination

Answer 9

RNA transcript is released
Polymerase detaches from the DNA

Question 10

Transcription mRNA preocessing

Answer 10

To protect mRNA
RNA capping and polyadenylation

Question 11

Translation

Answer 11

Protein synthesis aka mRNA to proteins

Question 12

codon

Answer 12

A triplet of 3 bases that synthesize specific Amino acids
→ multiple codons synthesize an amino acid

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

Transfer RNA
→ Intermediate molecule that is used to translate the triplets into amino acids
tRNAs are attached to a specific amino acid

Question 14

P site

Answer 14

holds tRNA nucleotide which contributes to growing polypeptide chain

Question 15

Role of ribosomes in translation

Answer 15

Bind to and move along the mRNA, capture tRNA amino acids that are complementary to mRNA codons

Question 16

A site

Answer 16

binding site for a charged tRNA molecules

Question 17

E site

Answer 17

exit side for uncharged tRNA

Question 18

Stop codons

Answer 18

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 19

Start codon

Answer 19

AUG

Question 20

Anticodon

Answer 20

Triplet on the trna that is complementary to the codoc

Question 21

aminoacyl-tRNA synthestasis

Answer 21

Specific tRNA are coupled to their specific amino acid oartner

Question 22

Location of transcription in eukaryote

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 22

Location of translation eukaryote

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Location in procaryote

Answer 23

All in cytoplasm

Question 24

Tranlation initiation

Answer 24

Small ribosomal subunit w translation inition factor bound ( initiator trNA Met and small proetin)
They bind to mRNA
Small ribosomal subunit abound tRNA moves along mRNA searching for start codon AUG
Once they find AUG the translation initiation fatcor protein dissociates aand the large ribosomal subunit binds so that Met is in the P site

Question 25

Translation protein elongation

Answer 25

A charged tRNA binds
First peptide bonds form
Large subunit translocation→ tRNA from P site moves to E site
Small subunit translocation→ tRNA ejected

Question 26

Translation termination

Answer 26

Ends at stop codon
Binding of release factor to A site
Poplypetptide chain releases
Ribosome dissociates