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BioSci > The Organic Molecules of Cells > Flashcards

The Organic Molecules of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

what are carbon-based molecules called?

A

organic compounds

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2
Q

what are the stable chains formed by carbon atoms bonding with other carbon atoms called?

A

hydrocarbons

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3
Q

what is it called when carbon molecules have the same number and kinds of atoms but in different arrangements?

A

isomers

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4
Q

what are the macromolecules that are formed by linking together similar types of subunits

A

Monomers

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5
Q

repeating chain of monomers form?

A

polymers

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6
Q

how are polymers created?

A

through dehydration reaction

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7
Q

carbohydrates- subunits(monomers) and polymer

A

-monosaccharide
-polysaccharide

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8
Q

lipids- subunits(monomers) and polymer

A

-glycerol and fatty acids
-fat

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9
Q

nucleic acid- subunits(monomers) and polymer

A

-nucleotide
-DNA, RNA

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9
Q

proteins- subunits(monomers) and polymer

A

-amino acids
-polypeptide

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10
Q

carbohydrates

A

single sugar molecule or two sugar molecules bonded together

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11
Q

what sugar molecule is to make carbohydrate polymers

A

glucose

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12
Q

carbohydrates with a single sugar molecule

A

monosaccharides

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13
Q

what contains two bonded monosaccharides

A

disaccharide

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14
Q

what is cellulose?

A

the most abundant polysaccharides on earth bc it comprises the cell walls of plants

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15
Q

what is chitin?

A

a polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of crabs, lobsters, and insects

16
Q

what are diverse groups of macromolecules that are insoluble in water?

A

Lipids

17
Q

what well-known lipids are used for energy storage and other purposes?

A

fats and oils

18
Q

what are phospholipids?

A

components of the membranes that surround cells

19
Q

what lipids are used as hormones?

A

steroids

20
Q

what are the subunits of protiens?

A

amino acids

21
Q

what are the 3 elements to amino acids

A

1.) amino (-NH2) group
2.) carboxyl (-COOH) group
3.) R (residual) group

22
Q

functions of proteins

A

Metabolism, Support, Transport, defense, regulation, and motion

23
Q

shapes of protein

A

primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary, quaternary, and denatured

24
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers of ?

A

nucleotides

25
Q

3 parts of Nucleotides

A

1.) phosphate group (-PO4)
2.) 5-carbon sugar
3.) a nitrogen containing base

26
Q

what is the sugar found in RNA

A

Ribose(single stranded)

27
Q

What is the sugar found in DNA?

A

deoxyribose(double stranded)

28
Q

DNA bases

A

Thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine

29
Q

RNA bases

A

Uracil, adenine, cytosine, and guanine

30
Q

what base is paired with Guanine

A

Cytosine

31
Q

what base is paired with thymine?

A

adenine

32
Q

what base is paired with uracil?

A

adenine

BioSci (30 decks)

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