The Organic Molecules of Cells Flashcards
what are carbon-based molecules called?
organic compounds
what are the stable chains formed by carbon atoms bonding with other carbon atoms called?
hydrocarbons
what is it called when carbon molecules have the same number and kinds of atoms but in different arrangements?
isomers
what are the macromolecules that are formed by linking together similar types of subunits
Monomers
repeating chain of monomers form?
polymers
how are polymers created?
through dehydration reaction
carbohydrates- subunits(monomers) and polymer
-monosaccharide
-polysaccharide
lipids- subunits(monomers) and polymer
-glycerol and fatty acids
-fat
nucleic acid- subunits(monomers) and polymer
-nucleotide
-DNA, RNA
proteins- subunits(monomers) and polymer
-amino acids
-polypeptide
carbohydrates
single sugar molecule or two sugar molecules bonded together
what sugar molecule is to make carbohydrate polymers
glucose
carbohydrates with a single sugar molecule
monosaccharides
what contains two bonded monosaccharides
disaccharide
what is cellulose?
the most abundant polysaccharides on earth bc it comprises the cell walls of plants
what is chitin?
a polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of crabs, lobsters, and insects
what are diverse groups of macromolecules that are insoluble in water?
Lipids
what well-known lipids are used for energy storage and other purposes?
fats and oils
what are phospholipids?
components of the membranes that surround cells
what lipids are used as hormones?
steroids
what are the subunits of protiens?
amino acids
what are the 3 elements to amino acids
1.) amino (-NH2) group
2.) carboxyl (-COOH) group
3.) R (residual) group
functions of proteins
Metabolism, Support, Transport, defense, regulation, and motion
shapes of protein
primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary, quaternary, and denatured
Nucleic acids are polymers of ?
nucleotides
3 parts of Nucleotides
1.) phosphate group (-PO4)
2.) 5-carbon sugar
3.) a nitrogen containing base
what is the sugar found in RNA
Ribose(single stranded)
What is the sugar found in DNA?
deoxyribose(double stranded)
DNA bases
Thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine
RNA bases
Uracil, adenine, cytosine, and guanine
what base is paired with Guanine
Cytosine
what base is paired with thymine?
adenine
what base is paired with uracil?
adenine
