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BioSci > test 4 > Flashcards

test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

scientist developed the model after their studies of the fossil records revealed that some species appear quite suddenly and then remain unchanged phenotypically for a long period of time
A. gradualistic
b. urey-miller
c. punctuated equilibrium
d. hardy-weinberg

A

punctuated equilibrium

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2
Q

recent studies in human have shown there is a close relationship between poor nutrition and poor learning ability. these studies suggest
a. learning is adaptive
b. learning is instinctive
c. there is only a minor genetic component to learned behavior
d. behavior is modified by the environment

A

behavior is modified by the environment

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3
Q

which of the following options pairs a biome and its characteristics
a. chaparral= mild, rainy winters; long hot, but wet summers
b. savanna=long, cold winters, vegetation dominated by conifers
c. tundra= very cold winters; only the upper layer of the soil thaws during summer
d. temperate grassland= cool to cold winters, wet summers

A

tundra= very cold winters; only the upper layer of the soil thaws during summer

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4
Q

The model that maintains that populations diverge from one another by the slow accumulation of adaptive changes within each population is
a. pedomorphosis
b. hybridization
c. gradualism
d. punctuated equilibrium

A

gradualism

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5
Q

The kind of vegetation in a tropical rainforest is generally determined by the amount of
a. carbon dioxide in the air
b. minerals in the soil
c. nitrogen in the soil
d. rainfall

A

rainfall

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6
Q

population size depends upon
a. deaths
b. immigration
c. births
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

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7
Q

You determined that there were five alligators per acre in a swamp in northern Florida this is a measure of the alligator populations
a. dispersion
b. density
c. range
d. intrinsic rate of increase

A

density

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8
Q

Communication by means of visual signals as a minimum requirement of
a. daylight
b. short distance
c. keen eyesight
d. a clear line of sight

A

a clear line of sight

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9
Q

When a small population migrates and colonize a new area away from the range of the original species the colony that is geographically isolated may eventually evolve into a new species the process described is known as:
a. allopatric speciation
b. adaptive radiation
c. allopolyploidy
d. hybridization

A

allopatric speciation

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10
Q

What evolutionary process is primarily responsible for the evolution of new species
a. coevolution
b. convergent evolution
c. punctuated equilibrium
d. natural selection

A

natural selection

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11
Q

Excellent examples of allopatric speciation can be seen in
a. large lakes
b. islands
c. the prairie
d. all of the above

A

islands

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12
Q

Which of the following biomes is characterized by Little Rainfall from a frost and an average temperature of below zero degrees Celsius
a. tundra
b. grasslands
c. desert
d. taiga

A

tundra

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13
Q

The hard wired or inherited set response patterns that are described for a male cheetah spring a pheromone to mark its territory a bee performing a waggle dance or a crooked singing to sort out mates are…
a. Inherited systems that are evolutionarily adaptive
b. The sociopiological roots of our language system
c. Altruistic adaptations to improve the general environment
d. Symbol systems

A

Inherited systems that are evolutionarily adaptive

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14
Q

Adaptive behavior has probably been selected by evolutionary processes because it
a. Allows the animal to live the longest
b. Allows the animal to produce the largest number of viable offspring
c. Makes the animal the smartest
d. Allows the animal to live in the widest variety of environments

A

Allows the animal to produce the largest number of viable offspring

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15
Q

Which of the following environmental factors usually has the greatest direct effect on an organism’s rate of water loss by evaporation
a. barometric pressure
b. wind
c. soil type
d. none of the above

A

wind

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16
Q

the level of ecological organization that incorporates abiotic factors is the
a. ecosystem
b. population
c. species
d. none of the above

A

ecosystem

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17
Q

When populations with separate ancestors adopt in similar ways to similar environmental constraints it is referred to as
a. biogeography
b. natural selection
c. coevolution
d. convergent evolution

A

convergent evolution

18
Q

a treeless region with little rainfall in the far north is the
a. taiga
b. desert
c. chaparral
d. tundra

A

tundra

19
Q

All of the following statements about population distribution are true except
a. Behavioral traits such as territoriality can affect the distribution patterns of a population
b. A population’s distribution is calculated as the number of individuals per unit area
c. Environmental conditions such as climate and altitude are often limiting factors of distribution
d. Population distribution is the pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area of interest

A

A population’s distribution is calculated as the number of individuals per unit area

20
Q

in speciation, A population forms a new species within the same geographical region as the original species
a. sympatric
b. allopatric
c. heterogeneous
d. autologous

A

sympatric

21
Q

The Jones family has a plan to encourage good behavior in their children when a child completes daily chores that child receives a gold star the earning of 14 gold stars allows the child to choose between a visit to the movie theater or the park this is an example of
a. imprinting
b. operant conditioning
c. classical conditioning
d. insight learning

A

operant learning

22
Q

The type of learning that is associated with an organism solving a problem without any prior experience with the situation is
a. operant conditioning
b. imprinting
c. associative learning
d. insight learning

A

insight learning

23
Q

A child grabs a dog’s ear and the dog responds by biting the child both behaviors are repeated once again the next day and again a day later the child never grabs a dog’s ear again this sequence of events is an example of
a. imprinting
b. operant conditioning
c. insight learning
d. latent learning

A

operant conditioning

24
Q

small changes that accumulate over time resulting in new species is called
a. punctuated equilibrium
b. gradualism
c. allopatric speciation
d. archetypes

A

gradualism

25
Q

Organisms that remain unchanged overgoing. Then undergo a rapid series of speciation events is called
a. punctuated equilibrium
b. allopatric speciation
c. coevolution
d. gradualism

A

punctuated equilibrium

26
Q

How old cheetahs use pheromones to increase their foraging success?
a. Cheetahs will scent mark their trails so that other cheetahs can follow them to optimal food sources
b. Cheetahs will scent mark their territory to warn other cheetahs to stay out this will decrease their competition for food within their territory
c. Cheetahs will send mark their kill so they can find them again this one increased their availability for food
d. Cheetahs do not use pheromones to increase their forging success

A

Cheetahs will scent mark their territory to warn other cheetahs to stay out this will decrease their competition for food within their territory

27
Q

Which of the following would not be a study of an organism in its natural environment
a. A clownfish in an aquarium
b. A fruit fly at a picnic
c. A copperhead snake and an eastern deciduous forest
d. A child in a park

A

A clownfish in an aquarium

28
Q

A normal pattern of extinction is called
a. Mass extinction
b Evolution
c. Background extinction
d. Natural selection

A

Background extinction

29
Q

Which of the following communication methods would be most effective for a species that lives in the tropical rainforest and is active at night
a. tactile
b. visual
c. chemical
d. all of the above

A

chemical

30
Q

A fixed action pattern is triggered by
a. A sign stimulus
b. A psychological stimulus
c. A circadian rhythm
d. An environmental stimulus

A

A sign stimulus

31
Q

Climate is affected and/or characterized by all the following factors except
a. Variations in solar radiation distribution
b. Topography
c. Temperature
d. Soil type

A

soil type

32
Q

which of the following statements about biomes the major terrestrial ecosystems covering the earth is true
a. Each of the nine major biomes is restricted to just one environment
b. The most natural biomes are unaffected by human activity
c. the most important factor affecting the distribution of biomes is wind
d. none of the above

A

none of the above

33
Q

In which of the following biomes would you expect to find the highest abundance of large grazing mammals
a. Temperate grasslands
b. Tropical rainforest
c. Chaparral
d. desert

A

Temperate grasslands

34
Q

population size levels off at the of an environment
a. Carrying capacity
b. Biotic potential
c. Population growth
d. Environmental resistance

A

carrying capacity

35
Q

A forest found in a broad belt in North Eurasia and North America with conifers and swamps is called
a. Tropical rainforest
b. tundra
c. Chaparral
d. taiga

A

taiga

36
Q

According to Lamarck’s hypothesis giraffes have long necks
a. By stretching during their lifetime and passing the trait to their offspring
b. By acquiring them through natural selection
c. Because they were divinely created that way
d. By inheriting mutations that resulted in long necks from their parents

A

By stretching during their lifetime and passing the trait to their offspring

37
Q

Which of the following factors limits exponential growth of a population
a. Competition between members
b. Limited resource availability
c. Increase in predator populations
d. All of the above

A

all of the above

38
Q

When discussing population features a cohort is described as
a. All organisms interacting in the ecosystem
b. All individuals in a population born at the same time
c. All individuals living in the same habitat
d. All the different species in a community

A

All individuals in a population born at the same time

39
Q

hybrid Inviability and hybrid sterility are reproductive isolating mechanisms that are termed
a. Post psychotic barriers
b. Homozygotic barriers
c. Heterozygotic barriers
d. prezygotic barriers

A

postzygotic barriers

40
Q

If an ecosystem has a carrying capacity of one thousand individuals for a given species in two thousand individuals of that species are present we can predict that the population
a. Size will increase
b. Size will remain an equilibrium
c. Size will decrease

A

size will decrease

41
Q

Pavlov’s well known experiment of a dog salivating at the sound of a bell is an example of
a. Operant conditioning
b. Imprinting
c. Insight learning
d. Classical conditioning

A

classical conditioning

42
Q

All of the following are terrestrial biomes except
a. Tundra
b. Savanna
c. taiga
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

BioSci (30 decks)

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