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Structure & Function 2 > The Oral Cavity > Flashcards

The Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

List the spaces in oral cavity

A

Oral cavity proper: between teeth (communicates with pharynx)
Oral vestibule: between cheek and teeth
Cheeks: lateral wall of mouth-buccinator muscle

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2
Q

Structure of the palate

A

Hard palate is rostral to the soft palate
Muscles are covered with mucous membrane (musculomucosal)
Closes the nasal passage when swallowing

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3
Q

Hard palate

A

Keratinised for protection
Ridges for gripping food
Maxilla and premaxilla mucous membranes
Incisive Papillae- sense of smell and taste- olfactory receptor.

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4
Q

Vomeronasal Organ

A

Incisive papilla open into incisive duct- links mouth with the nasal cavity
Keratinised epithelium
Near vomer and palatine processes of incisive and maxillary bones
For pheromone detection

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5
Q

Structure of the tongue

A

Covered with stratified squamous epithelium
Attached to hyoid bone and mandible
Projections: papillae and taste buds
Lyssa: central midline cord of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

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6
Q

List the tongue muscles

A

Intrinsic m. (Lingualis Proprius)
Extrinsic m.
Stylo-glossus
Hyo-glossus
Genio-glossus

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7
Q

Intrinsic m. (tongue)

A

oriented- longitudinal, transverse and vertical
forms tongue proper ( curl, groove)

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8
Q

Extrinsic m. (tongue)

A

Three pairs have osseous origin
Parallel to each other
Lateral to medial in following order

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9
Q

Stylo-glossus

A

Long thin muscle
Elevates the tongue

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10
Q

Hyo-glossus

A

Wide and flat muscle
Retracts and depresses the tongue

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11
Q

Genio-glossus

A

Fan-shaped muscle
Caudal fibers protrude
Rostral one retract the apex

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12
Q

What are the types of lingual papillae

A

Mechanical and Gustatory (taste)

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13
Q

Types of mechanical lingual papillae

A

FILIFORM: hair-like structures on dorsal surface, grips food
CONICAL: larger, less frequent. Movement of food, inside lips and cheeks
MARGINAL: Newborn carnivores and piglets- aid in suckling
LENTICULAR: hard and horny due to heavy keratinisation

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14
Q

Types of gustatory lingual papillae

A

FUNGIFORM: among filiform over rostral 2/3 of dorsum of tongue- mushroom shaped
VALLATE: between body and root of tongue- circular projections surrounded by deep groove
FOLIATE: On edge of tongue- found in horses and pigs

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15
Q

How is the tongue innervated?

A

Motor and sensory
MOTOR: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) supplies intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
SENSORY: rostral 2/3- lingual nerve branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V); SENSATION
chorda tympani branch of facial nerve; TASTE
caudal 1/3- glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX); GENERAL TASTE AND SENSATION
additional innervation from vagal nerve

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16
Q

Two dental arcades

A

Heterodont- I, C, PM, M
Dipphyodont- deciduous and permanent

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17
Q

What is the borderline between crown & root called?

A

The Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

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18
Q

Socket of bone tooth is rooted into is…

A

the alveolus

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19
Q

Thin shell of dense bone lining the alveolus is…

A

the Lamina dura

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20
Q

What is the pulp cavity?

A

Central space of tooth, contains pulp soft tissue- with nerves, vessels and lymphatics

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21
Q

How is the tooth root attached to the bone?

A

Connective tissue called the periodontium- connected via periodontal ligaments

22
Q

What are 4 defined structures in periodontal tissue?

A
  • Gingiva
  • Cementum
  • Alveolar bone
  • Periodontal ligament
23
Q

Gingiva

A

the gums: one of 4 periodontal tissues
-have attached gingiva and free gingiva
- at the sulcus cells in epithelium of the gum adhere to the tooth enamel via basement membrane

24
Q

Brachydont

A

Smaller & low-crowned
Feeding on a soft diet
Seen in dogs, cats, pigs etc.
True root

25
Hypsodont
Larger crown to resist wear and tear Fed on a tough and fibrous diet Seen in horses and ruminants
26
Enamel
Sometimes called Ameloblast hardest substance in body acellular so cannot regenerate in brachydont- covers only crown in hypsodont- covers entire body of tooth except root
27
Dentin
Sometimes called odontoblast forms the bulk of the tooth surrounds the pulp cavity remain active through life
28
Cementum
Least hard of all, thin bonelike layer Brachydont covers only root Fills the infundibula of hypsodont teeth and covers entire tooth
29
Functions of the teeth
-Incisors: adapted for grasping, pinching, scratching and nipping -Canines: "weapons" for tearing flesh -Premolars: rostral cheek teeth; deciduous precursors -Molars: flattened with jagged edges like serrated blades
30
Surfaces of teeth
Labial; near lips Lingual; facing the tongue Mesial; towards median plane Distal; away from median plane Occlusal; top surface
31
Pig teeth
44 permanent teeth 6x incisors 2x canines 8x premolars 6x molars
32
Dog teeth
Missing upper 3rd molars so has 42 teeth - all incisors have a single root - PM1s have single root - PMs and Ms have double root - Upper PM4 & 2x upper Ms have 3 roots -lower M3 has one root
33
Ruminant teeth
No upper incisors/canines- dental pad incisors and canines are brachydont premolars and molars are hypsodont
34
Horse teeth
Incisors- high crowns single root Canines- often don't erupt Hypsodont; continuous wear, slowly erupt
35
Horse teeth
Incisors- high crowns single root Canines- often don't erupt Hypsodont; continuous wear, slowly erupt
36
Infundibulum
Cup-shaped invagination of enamel from the occlusal surface of equine incisors or maxillary cheek teeth Partly filled with cement Doesn't connect to pulp cavity
37
Lagomorphs
Rabbits have 2x small second incisors called peg teeth behind maxillary incisors Incisors and cheek teeth are hypsodont Elodont; continuously growing
38
Blood supply
- Maxillary artery; terminal branch of the external carotid
39
What artery supplies blood to upper teeth?
the infraorbital artery
40
What artery supplies blood to lower teeth?
the inferioralvelolar artery (IAA) enters mandible through mandibular foramen into mandibular canal
41
Nerve supply
The trigeminal nerve (CN V) supplies sensory innervation to teeth through maxillary and mandibular divisions
42
How are upper incisors innervated?
By infraorbital n. which runs in infraorbital canal
43
How are mandibular teeth innervated?
By inferioralvelolar n. which runs in mandibular canal
44
Functions of salivary glands
- Lubrication and binding - Antibacterial - Enzymatic digestion - pH regulation - Thermoregulation - Urea for protein synthesis in fore-stomach
45
Major salivary glands
-via long ducts eg. parotid, mandibular and sublingual
46
Minor salivary glands
-via short ducts eg. labial, lingual and buccal
47
Acini
Salivary glands are made up of secretory acini and ducts -serous acini; secretes proteins in an isotonic watery fluid -mucous acini; secretes mucin (lubricant)
48
Parotid gland
Located ventral to the ear Vascularised by branches of maxillary a. Innervated by glossopharyngeal n.
49
Mandibular gland
Ventral to parotid gland, caudal to mandible bone Vascularised by branches of linguofacial a. and v. Innervated by facial n. Shares a capsule with sublingual gland
50
Sublingual gland
Located under the tongue Monostomatic part: more caudal, single draining duct Polystomatic part: more rostral with several small ducts Vascularised by lingual a. and v. Innervated by facial n.

Structure & Function 2 (16 decks)

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