Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
Define Cranial
DIRECTION: towards the head
Define Caudal
DIRECTION: towards the tail
Define Rostral
DIRECTION: (on the head) towards the nose
Define Dorsal
upwards
Define Ventral
downwards
Define Proximal
BOTH DIRECTION AND REGION: (on the limbs and tail) from the top of limb down to the carpus or tarsus.
Define Distal
BOTH DIRECTION AND REGION: (on the limbs and tail) from the carpus or tarsus down to the toes.
Define Palmar
distal forelimb: the “palm” is palmar
Define Plantar
distal hindlimb: the sole of the foot is plantar
When to use plantar, palmar and dorsal?
Below the carpus or tarpus: above that use cranial and caudal
Define medial
Towards the middle plane of body
Define lateral
Towards the outside edges of body
Define axial
DESCRIBES FEATURES ON LIMBS: close to the axis of the limb (central)
Define abaxial
DESCRIBES FEATURES ON LIMBS: away from the axis of limb
Define median plane
Cut down the middle of cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral axis of body
Define saggital plane
When a median plane is off to the left or to the right.
Define transverse plane
Cross section; across the latero-medial and dorso-ventral axis of body
Define dorsal plane
Slice along latero-medial and cranio-caudal axis.
How many toes do carnivores have?
4 or 5
How many toes do equids have?
1
How many toes do artiodactyls have?
An even number eg. Pigs: 4 Cows: 2
