GI tract & nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
DOGS; teeth formula
A
- Formula; 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 2/3
2
Q
HORSES; teeth formula
A
3/3 1/1 3/3,4 3/3
3
Q
RUMINANTS; teeth formula
A
0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3
4
Q
RABBITS; teeth formula
A
2/1, 0/0, 3/2, 3/3
5
Q
PIGS; teeth formula
A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
6
Q
RUMINANTS; methods of prehension
A
- tongue pulls grass into the mouth
- cut between incisors & dental pad
7
Q
Jaw joint location
A
- CARNIVORES & OMNIVORES; same plane as molars, minimal side-to-side
- HERBIVORES & HUMANS; above plane of molars
8
Q
Salivas importance in cows
A
- pH = 8.2, high conc. of bicarb and phosphate to aid microbial growth and thus fermentation
- recycles nitrogen used by bacteria in rumen
9
Q
Feed and saliva production
A
- If forage is low quality has to chew more, more saliva produced
10
Q
Ruminant stomach basics
A
- Large complex 4 chambered stomach
- Fermentation of plant material
11
Q
Horses & Rabbits stomach basics
A
- Simple stomach
- Adapted caecum/colon; hind gut
-Stomach has 2 distinct regions
12
Q
Pigs and dogs stomach basics
A
- Simple one chambered stomach
- acid stomach
13
Q
How long is food retained in a dog’s stomach?
A
-Dried food; 8-10 hrs
- Canned food; 4.5-8 hrs
- Fresh food; 4-6 hrs
14
Q
Horse upper stomach
A
- non-glandular
- saliva buffering (pH 5)
15
Q
Horse lower stomach
A
- glandular
- acidic (pH 2)
- stops fermentation of food
- protein digestion
- thick mucus layer
16
Q
How is a dog’s stomach adapted to digesting protein?
A
Large holding chamber
Acidic to help break down protein
17
Q
Why can we justify feeding carbohydrates to dogs?
A
- genomic studies show the domestic dog has adapted to carb diets; amylase breaks down starch like in humans
18
Q
Why are rabbits caecotrophs?
A
- Small caecum relative to other hindgut fermenters
- Fibre only partially digested
- Compensates via caecotrophy
19
Q
Process of caecotrophy
A
- Caecotrophs are undigested material covered in mucous
- Caecum contracts and expels contents into the colon
- Re-ingested directly from the anus
