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Cell Biology > The Nucleus > Flashcards

The Nucleus Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of the nucleus?

A
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Nuclear pore
  • Nucleolus
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Chromosomes
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2
Q

How is the endoplasmic reticulum related to the nucleus?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

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3
Q

Evolution of the nucleus

A

Ancient prokaryotic cell with free DNA
Invagination of membrane with the membrane-bound ribosomes attached
Membrane buds away to form nucleus structure with rough endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

The inner and outer membrane make up the _______________

A

Nuclear envelope

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5
Q

What is the perinuclear space?

A

The space between the inner and outer membrane

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6
Q

At what structures do the inner and outer membrane meet?

A

Nuclear pores

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7
Q

What is the nuclear lamina?

A

A protein meshwork

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8
Q

What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

A

Structural support for nuclear envelope

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of lamina?

A

Lamina A, B and C

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10
Q

What is the nuclear lamina involved in?

A

The regulation of genetic activity

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11
Q

What is different about the nucleolus to other organelles?

A

It is not membrane-bound

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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Processes rRNA to produce ribosomal subunits

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13
Q

What molecules are present in the nucleolus? (7 macrocmolecules)

A
  • rRNA genes
  • Precursor and Mature RNA
  • rRNA processing enzymes
  • snoRNPs (small nucleolar RNAs)
  • Assembly factors
  • ATPases, GTPases, RNA Helicases etc.
  • Ribosomal protein subunits
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14
Q

What is DNA in the nucleus packaged into?

A

Chromosomes

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15
Q

How does DNA form chromosomes in the nucleus?

A

DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes. These coil further to form chromosomes

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16
Q

What does a nuclear pore consist of?

A

It consists of >50 different proteins. It isn’t just a hole

17
Q

What does the nuclear pore permit?

A

Substances to cross the nuclear envelope

18
Q

What is required for the nuclear pore to allow substances to cross the nuclear envelope?

A

ATP hydrolysis

19
Q

In a non-dividing cell, how is the DNA stored?

A

In loose strands called chromatin

20
Q

How many subunits make up a nuclear pore?

A

8 subunits with a central plug

21
Q

What are nucleoporins?

A

Proteins that make up the nuclear pore

22
Q

After what size is a molecule to big for passive diffusion through a nuclear pore and has to be actively transported?

A

60,000 daltons

23
Q

Give 2 examples of why Nuclear transport via Nuclear Pore Complexes is necessary.

A
  1. Synthesis of DNA histone molecules occurs in cytoplasm and these need to be transported into the nucleus for packaging of DNA
  2. Ribosomes synthesised in the Nucleolus must be transported into the cytoplasm

Cell Biology (21 decks)

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