The nose Flashcards

1
Q

Nasal aperture

A

Through the nasal part of the frontal bone

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2
Q

The roof of the nose

A

Ethmoid bone
Frontal bone
Nasal bones
Body of sphenoid

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3
Q

Nasal septum

A

Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Septal cartilage

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4
Q

Floor of the nasal cavity

A

Palatine process of the maxilla

Palatine bones

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5
Q

What is the epithelium found in the nasal cavity?

A

-First 1/3RD= stratified squamous epithelium
Hairs
-Posterior 2/3rd= pseudo stratifies columnar
Cilia
Goblet cells: secretions trap pathogens
Mucus: contains IgA, IgE, lysosomes

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6
Q

Which nerve innervates the nasal epithelium? and what does it pass through get in from the cranium

A

The olfactory nerve.

Passes through the cribform plate

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7
Q

Which arteries supply the nasal epithelium

A

The ophthalmic arteries and branches of the ICA.
Littles area: blood vasculature in the nose
Pinch to Littles area is what causes epistaxis

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8
Q

Venous drainage of the epithelium

A

Venous plexus

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9
Q

What are the metastases?

A

They are projections of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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10
Q

Which bones are the turbinates made from?

A

The superior and inferior turbinate are made from the perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
The inferior turbinate is a separate bone.

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11
Q

What is found above the superior turbinate?

A

The sphenoid-ethmoidal recess.

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12
Q

What drains into the sphene-ethmoidal recess?

A

The sphenoid sinus

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13
Q

what drains into the superior meatus

A

The posterior ethmoidal air spaces

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14
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A
  • The anterior and middle ethmoidal air spaces
  • The frontal sinus
  • The maxillary sinus
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15
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

Extra features of the nose?

A
  • Glabella
  • Nasion
  • Dorsum
  • Supratip
  • Tip
  • Columnella
17
Q

What are the borders of the inner nose?

A

Midline: Septum
Roof: Cribform plate
Walls: Turbinates
Floor: Hard palate

18
Q

What could happen when the ethmoid bone in the skull is broken?

A

he perpendicular plate of the ethmoid is attached to the Skull so a break could lead to fracture to the skull and ECF leakage

19
Q

What is the ground lamella and what does it demarcate?

A

Where middle turbinate curves backwards to meet the back of the nasal wall-GROUND LAMELLA
Anterior to ground lamella: anterior ethmoids
Posterior to this : posterior ethmoids

20
Q

What structures are closely linked with the sphenoid sinus?

A

Optic nerve above it
Internal carotids on either side
Pituitary is posterior

21
Q

what epithelium lines the roof of the nose?

A

olfactory mucosa

22
Q

what is a septal hepatoma?

A

Interrupted blood flow to the septum following trauma
Nearly always bilateral
Can lead to necrosis and perforation

23
Q

How to treat a septal hepatoma?

24
Q

What can cause a septal perforation?

A

Drugs
Digital trauma
Septal hematoma

25
How to manage a broken nose?
Return after a week. If bone broken then can be fixed. If cartilage affected then need to wait for it to regrow before breaking again.
26
What does the opening of the Eustachian tube do?
Equalises ,middle ear. | If problem in middle ear think nose