The nose Flashcards
Nasal aperture
Through the nasal part of the frontal bone
The roof of the nose
Ethmoid bone
Frontal bone
Nasal bones
Body of sphenoid
Nasal septum
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Septal cartilage
Floor of the nasal cavity
Palatine process of the maxilla
Palatine bones
What is the epithelium found in the nasal cavity?
-First 1/3RD= stratified squamous epithelium
Hairs
-Posterior 2/3rd= pseudo stratifies columnar
Cilia
Goblet cells: secretions trap pathogens
Mucus: contains IgA, IgE, lysosomes
Which nerve innervates the nasal epithelium? and what does it pass through get in from the cranium
The olfactory nerve.
Passes through the cribform plate
Which arteries supply the nasal epithelium
The ophthalmic arteries and branches of the ICA.
Littles area: blood vasculature in the nose
Pinch to Littles area is what causes epistaxis
Venous drainage of the epithelium
Venous plexus
What are the metastases?
They are projections of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Which bones are the turbinates made from?
The superior and inferior turbinate are made from the perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
The inferior turbinate is a separate bone.
What is found above the superior turbinate?
The sphenoid-ethmoidal recess.
What drains into the sphene-ethmoidal recess?
The sphenoid sinus
what drains into the superior meatus
The posterior ethmoidal air spaces
What drains into the middle meatus?
- The anterior and middle ethmoidal air spaces
- The frontal sinus
- The maxillary sinus
What drains into the inferior meatus?
The nasolacrimal duct
Extra features of the nose?
- Glabella
- Nasion
- Dorsum
- Supratip
- Tip
- Columnella
What are the borders of the inner nose?
Midline: Septum
Roof: Cribform plate
Walls: Turbinates
Floor: Hard palate
What could happen when the ethmoid bone in the skull is broken?
he perpendicular plate of the ethmoid is attached to the Skull so a break could lead to fracture to the skull and ECF leakage
What is the ground lamella and what does it demarcate?
Where middle turbinate curves backwards to meet the back of the nasal wall-GROUND LAMELLA
Anterior to ground lamella: anterior ethmoids
Posterior to this : posterior ethmoids
What structures are closely linked with the sphenoid sinus?
Optic nerve above it
Internal carotids on either side
Pituitary is posterior
what epithelium lines the roof of the nose?
olfactory mucosa
what is a septal hepatoma?
Interrupted blood flow to the septum following trauma
Nearly always bilateral
Can lead to necrosis and perforation
How to treat a septal hepatoma?
drainage
What can cause a septal perforation?
Drugs
Digital trauma
Septal hematoma
How to manage a broken nose?
Return after a week.
If bone broken then can be fixed.
If cartilage affected then need to wait for it to regrow before breaking again.
What does the opening of the Eustachian tube do?
Equalises ,middle ear.
If problem in middle ear think nose
