The nose

Question 1

Nasal aperture

Answer 1

Through the nasal part of the frontal bone

Question 2

The roof of the nose

Answer 2

Ethmoid bone
Frontal bone
Nasal bones
Body of sphenoid

Question 3

Nasal septum

Answer 3

Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Septal cartilage

Question 4

Floor of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

Palatine process of the maxilla

Palatine bones

Question 5

What is the epithelium found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

-First 1/3RD= stratified squamous epithelium
Hairs
-Posterior 2/3rd= pseudo stratifies columnar
Cilia
Goblet cells: secretions trap pathogens
Mucus: contains IgA, IgE, lysosomes

Question 6

Which nerve innervates the nasal epithelium? and what does it pass through get in from the cranium

Answer 6

The olfactory nerve.

Passes through the cribform plate

Question 7

Which arteries supply the nasal epithelium

Answer 7

The ophthalmic arteries and branches of the ICA.
Littles area: blood vasculature in the nose
Pinch to Littles area is what causes epistaxis

Question 8

Venous drainage of the epithelium

Answer 8

Venous plexus

Question 9

What are the metastases?

Answer 9

They are projections of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Question 10

Which bones are the turbinates made from?

Answer 10

The superior and inferior turbinate are made from the perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
The inferior turbinate is a separate bone.

Question 11

What is found above the superior turbinate?

Answer 11

The sphenoid-ethmoidal recess.

Question 12

What drains into the sphene-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 12

The sphenoid sinus

Question 13

what drains into the superior meatus

Answer 13

The posterior ethmoidal air spaces

Question 14

What drains into the middle meatus?

Answer 14

• The anterior and middle ethmoidal air spaces
• The frontal sinus
• The maxillary sinus

Question 15

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 15

The nasolacrimal duct

Question 16

Extra features of the nose?

Answer 16

• Glabella
• Nasion
• Dorsum
• Supratip
• Tip
• Columnella

Question 17

What are the borders of the inner nose?

Answer 17

Midline: Septum
Roof: Cribform plate
Walls: Turbinates
Floor: Hard palate

Question 18

What could happen when the ethmoid bone in the skull is broken?

Answer 18

he perpendicular plate of the ethmoid is attached to the Skull so a break could lead to fracture to the skull and ECF leakage

Question 19

What is the ground lamella and what does it demarcate?

Answer 19

Where middle turbinate curves backwards to meet the back of the nasal wall-GROUND LAMELLA
Anterior to ground lamella: anterior ethmoids
Posterior to this : posterior ethmoids

Question 20

What structures are closely linked with the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 20

Optic nerve above it
Internal carotids on either side
Pituitary is posterior

Question 21

what epithelium lines the roof of the nose?

Answer 21

olfactory mucosa

Question 22

what is a septal hepatoma?

Answer 22

Interrupted blood flow to the septum following trauma
Nearly always bilateral
Can lead to necrosis and perforation

Question 23

How to treat a septal hepatoma?

Answer 23

drainage

Question 24

What can cause a septal perforation?

Answer 24

Drugs
Digital trauma
Septal hematoma

Question 25

How to manage a broken nose?

Answer 25

Return after a week.
If bone broken then can be fixed.
If cartilage affected then need to wait for it to regrow before breaking again.

Question 26

What does the opening of the Eustachian tube do?

Answer 26

Equalises ,middle ear.

If problem in middle ear think nose