the neurological exam and neuroimaging Flashcards
1
Q
the neurological examination assesses 6 broad categories of function:
A
- mental status
- gait
- posture ability
- segmental reflexes
- sensation
- cranial nerves
2
Q
below midbrain nervous system malfunctions
A
- gait abnormalities
- ipsilateral deficits
3
Q
above midbrain nervous system malfunctions
A
- seizures
- contralateral deficits
4
Q
dysfunction of sensory inputs depends on the pathway involved and can result in:
A
- ataxia
- blindness
- deafness
- anesthesia
- loss of balance
- loss of taste/smell
5
Q
ataxia
A
- incoordination
- inability to predict where a limb is going to land (crossing over)
- loss of proprioception
6
Q
dysfunction of motor outputs depend on the pathway involved and can result in:
A
- paresis
- paralysis
7
Q
what is MRI good for and why is it good
A
- localizing lesions
- high sensitivity (less so for chronic progressive gray matter disease)
- see soft tissue better
8
Q
variable sensitivity with MRI
A
highly reader-dependent & influenced by:
- signalment
- progression of clinical signs
- clinico-pathologic data
- MR visible abnormalities
9
Q
how does MRI work
A
- detect changes in the spins of protons in the presence of magnetic fields
- spin echo imaging
10
Q
image contrast obtained by varying the ____ and ____
A
repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE)
11
Q
T1-weighted images
A
short TR; short TE
12
Q
proteon density-weighted images
A
long TR; short TE
13
Q
T2-weighted images
A
long TR; long TE
14
Q
why is the neurological exam done
A
to localize a lesion
15
Q
what do you see on CT scan
A
bone
