Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognition & Senses - wk 1 > neurons and glia > Flashcards

neurons and glia Flashcards

1
Q

gyri

A

ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sulci

A

grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 types of glia cells

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. oligodendroglia
  3. microglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 types of ventricular system cells

A
  1. choroid plexus epithelium
  2. ependymal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neurons are derived from:

A

neuroectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dendrites

A

recieve stimulus from another neuron in the CNS or from environment in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cell body (soma)

A

portion that contains nucleus and integrates information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nissl substance/rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A

protein synthesis (neurotransmitter factory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

axon

A

conveys information (nerve impulses and neurotransmitters); can be quite long (meters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

synaptic end bulbs (temrinal boutons)

A

transmit information to next cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

synaptic end bulbs (temrinal boutons)

A

transmit information to next cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

microtubules

A
  • tubulin
  • present in dendrites and axons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intermediate filaments

A
  • neurofilament
  • form matrix with embedded microtubules for axonal transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

microfilaments

A
  • actin
  • dendritic spines and growth cone of developing and regenerating neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do glial cells account for

A

majority of cells in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

astrocytes

A
  • help maintain blood brain barrier
  • regulate nutrients to neurons
  • insulate synapes
  • neuroectoderm dervived
  • cytoskeleton (tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP, actin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

oligodendrocytes

A
  • produce myelin
  • one cell can insulate many neurons
  • neuroectoderm derived
  • cytoskeleton (tubulin, no intermediate filaments, actin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

microglia

A
  • resident macrophages of CNS (phagocytosis and antigen presenting)
  • help regulate neuron fuction
  • yolk sac derived
  • cytoskeleton (tubulin, vimentin, actin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are ventricles

A

fluid filled sacs (CSF)

19
Q

what does CSF do

A
  • circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space
  • shock absorber
  • transport of nutrients, wastes, hormones
20
Q

ependymal cells

A
  • form lining of ventricles
  • neuroectoderm derived
  • produce, move, and absorb CSF
  • regulate fluid homeostasis (between ventricles and brain)
  • scavenge (phagocytosis), metabolize, and detoxify substances in CSF
21
Q

choroid plexus cells

A
  • produce CSF
  • neuroectoderm derived
  • line the choroid plexus
  • epithelial-endothelial border (blood CSF barrier)
22
Q

meninges

A
  • meningothelial cells
  • connective tissue covering of the CNS
  • carry blood vessels to cerebral cortex (blood meningeal barrier)
  • CSF in subarachnoid space provides cushion and nutrients
23
Q

what are the 3 layers of the meninges

A
  • dura mater - pachymeninges
  • arachnoid and pia mater w/ subarachnoid space inbetween (leptomeninges)
24
Q

blood brain barrier components

A
  • specialized vascular endothelial cells
  • tight junctions and unique basement membranes
  • astrocyte foot processes
25
Q

blood brain barrier

A
  • protects the brain from pathogens and xenobiotics
  • regulates diffusion of hormones and cytokines
  • contributes to sustain the delicate CNS homeostasis
26
Q

blood meningeal barrier components

A
  • specialized vascular endothelial cells
  • tight junctions and basement membrane
27
Q

blood meningeal barrier

A

same properties as BBB bus less restrictive and promote immune responses during injury/infection

28
Q

blood CSF barrier components

A
  • choroid plexus epithelial cells with tight junctions
  • vessels in choroidal stroma are fenestrated
  • arachnoid membrane
29
Q

blood CSF barrier

A

regulates movement of agents from blood to CSF

30
Q

what is grey matter comprised of

A

neuronal cell bodies and dendrities (and thinly myelinated axons) and glia

31
Q

grey matter is organized into:

A

laminae

  • cerebral cortex & cerebellar cortex

nuclei

  • diencephalon (at base of cerebral hemispheres)
  • cerebellar and brainstem nuclei
32
Q

grey matter is ____ of nerve impulses

A

generation

33
Q

what is white matter composed of

A

neuronal axons (myelinated) and glia

34
Q

how is white matter organized

A
  • centrally in cerebrum : coronal radiata and corpus callosum and internal capsule
  • intermixed with grey matter in brainstem
  • funiculi and tracts in spinal cord
35
Q

white matter is ____ of nerve impulses

A

conduction

36
Q

all neurons have:

A
  • receptive segment
  • conductile segment
  • transmissive segment
  • cell body
37
Q

cell body of neuron location differences

A
  • can be in receptive segment (olfactory, motor, interneurons)
  • can be in conductive segment (auditory and vestibular afferent)
  • can be branched off conductile segment (all other afferent)
38
Q

afferent neurons

A

signal moves towards CNS

39
Q

efferent neurons

A

signals moves away from CNS

40
Q

afferent neurons components

A
  • conduct sensory impulses cranially to CNS (each may synapse w/ many reflex pathways & many projections neurons)
  • cell bodies in ganglia
  • pseudounipolar or bipolar
  • branch into: longer cranial branch and many shorter caudal collateral branches that synapse with interneurons
41
Q

interneurons

A
  • cell bodies and all processes entirely within CNS
  • excitatory or inhibatory (dependent upon neurotransmitters released)
42
Q

projection neurons

A
  • upper motor neurons
  • pathway begins in cerebral cortex or nucleus -> ends/synapses in brainstem or spinal cord
  • conduct impulses caudally (or cranially)
43
Q

efferent neurons

A
  • lower motor neurons
  • stimulated to generate impulses by neurotransmitters from afferent, interneuron, or projectile neuron
44
Q

upper motor neurons

A
  • projection neurons
  • initiate voluntary movement
  • cell bodies in cerebral cortex or brainstem nuclei
  • axons do not leave CNS
45
Q

lower motor neurons

A
  • efferent neurons
  • innervate and activate skeletal muscle
  • cell bodies in CNS (brainstem gray matter and ventral horn of spinal cord)
  • axons leave CNS to PNS

Cognition & Senses - wk 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions