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Cognition & Senses - wk 1 > brain organization overview > Flashcards

brain organization overview Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 components of the brain that all mammalians share and what are the differences

A
  • cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem
  • gyri and sulci are different
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2
Q

what are the 3 membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid
  • pia mater
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3
Q

what does the subarachnoid space contain

A
  • CSF
  • blood vessels
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4
Q

what are ventricles

A

CSF-filled caverns and canals inside brain

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5
Q

what is CSF

A
  • produced by choroid plexus in ventricles
  • protects brain - cushions it
  • contains circulating hormones
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6
Q

what is the choroid plexus

A
  • specialized tissue in ventricles that produces CSF
  • capillary network surrounded by epithelial cells
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7
Q

CSF circulates through ventricles and out into ____ ____

A

subarachnoid space

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8
Q

CSF is reabsorbed in ____ ____ and ____ into venous sinuses

A

arachnoid villi and granulations

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9
Q

the CNS forms from the walls of a fluid-filled ____ ____

A

neural tube

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10
Q

what are the 5 major divisions of the brain

A
  1. telencephalon
  2. diencephalon
  3. mesencephalon
  4. metencephalon
  5. myelencephalon
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11
Q

lateral ventricles are associated with:

A

the telencephalon

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12
Q

the third ventricle is associated with

A

diencephalon

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13
Q

the cerebral aquaduct is associated with

A

mesencephalon (midbrain)

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14
Q

the fourth ventricle is associated with

A
  • metencephalon (pons and cerebellum)
  • mylencephalon (medulla)
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15
Q

what does the spinal cord do

A
  • carries motor information from the brain to the periphery
  • carries sensory input from the periphery to the brain
  • mediates reflexes for body
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16
Q

efferent and afferent (motor or sensory)

A

motor; sensory

17
Q

what is the brainstem composed of

A
  • myelencephalon (medulla)
  • metencephalon (pons)
  • mesencephalon (midbrain)
18
Q

in the spinal cord and medulla where are the afferent and efferent nuclei

A

spinal cord

  • afferent is dorsal (alar plate) and efferent is ventral (basal plate)

medulla

  • afferent is lateral and efferent is medial
19
Q

how is each cranial nerve identified

A
  • by both a name and a number; the number is always written as roman numeral
  • can be SE, VE, SA, or SE and some can carry info from special senses - special afferents
20
Q

what is the medulla

A
  • contains many cranial nerve associated nuclei
  • ascending and descending tracts
  • regulates involuntary funcitons that are essential to life
  • breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
21
Q

what is the pons

A
  • many cranial nerve nuclei
  • other nuclei: arousal, eye movements
  • ascending and descending tracts
  • relays signals between cerebrum and cerebellum
22
Q

what is the cerebellum

A

mini brain for computing skilled movements and motor learning

23
Q

what do ponteine nuclei do

A

project motor signals between cerebrum and cerebellum for “error correction” and motor learning

24
Q

damage to cerebellum results in:

A

intention tremors

25
Q

what are the two parts of the mesencephalon

A
  • tecum (roof)
  • tegmentum (floor)
26
Q

what is the tectum mesencephalon

A
  • superior collicus (visual orienting and eye movements)
  • inferior colliculus (auditory pathway)
  • pupillary light reflex
27
Q

what is the tegmentum mesencephalon

A
  • motor related nuclei
  • also contains substantia nigra and cerebral peduncles
28
Q

what does the diencephalon include

A
  • epithalamus
  • thalamus
  • subthalamus
  • hypothalamus
29
Q

what is the thalamus

A
  • large mosaic of nuclei which contribute to sensory and motor processing
  • projects information to the cortex
30
Q

what is the hypothalamus

A
  • located just inferior to the thalamus
  • a collection of nuclei involved in regulating homeostasis
31
Q

what does the hypothalamus control

A
  • motivated behavior (feeding, drinking, sexual behavior)
  • endocrine system (hormones)
  • autonomic nervous system
32
Q

what are the 3 activities of the thalamus and neocortex

A
  1. sustain consciousness
  2. provides you with your senses: vision, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory, smell
  3. most of your conscious acts takes place in the thalamocortical/corticothalamic connections
33
Q

what does the cerebral cortex consist of

A

lobes refered to as frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and primiform lobes

34
Q

what is the purpose of gyri and sulci

A

to maximize surface area

35
Q

what does the limbic system control

A
  • emotions/affect
  • learning and memory
  • behavior
  • olfaction
36
Q

what are the two jobs of the basal ganglia

A
  1. selection and initiation of willed movements
  2. motor learning

Cognition & Senses - wk 1 (13 decks)

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