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Psychology > The Nervous System- Chapter 3 > Flashcards

The Nervous System- Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the purpose of the Central Nervous System?

A

The brain transmits messages to the spinal cord to the muscles in the body.

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1
Q

What parts of the body does the central nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

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2
Q

What other systems does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?

A

Autonomic Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System, Parasympathetic System, and the Sympathetic System.

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3
Q

What other systems does the Autonomic System consist of?

A

Parasympathetic System, and the Sympathetic System.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Breathing, blinking, heart rate, digestion.

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5
Q

What does the Parasympathetic System do?

A

Restores the body to a peaceful state.

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6
Q

What does the Sympathetic System do?

A

In charge of the “Flight or Fight” response. Prepares the body for action in a stressful situation.

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7
Q

What happens when the Sympathetic System is activated?

A

Adrenaline is released, senses are increased, heart increases.

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8
Q

Where does the Peripheral Nervous System get its name?

A

It lies outside of the Central Nervous System.

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9
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System do?

A

Muscles, senses, heat, pain, cold.

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10
Q

What are all of the parts of a Neuron?

A

Dendrites, cell body, myelin sheath, axon, axon terminal, synapse.

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11
Q

What do the dendrites do?

A

Receive messages.

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12
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

It helps produce the energy needed to transfer the message.

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13
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatty covering to protect, axon, and speeds transmission.

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14
Q

What is the axon?

A

The sender of the message.

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15
Q

What is the axon terminal?

A

It is the end of the axon.

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16
Q

What does a synapse do?

A

Axon terminals of a neuron, they communicate with the dendrites of another neuron.

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17
Q

What are the 2 kinds of a neurotransmitters?

A

A promoter, and a inhibitor.

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18
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical that is released that transmit signals to another neuron.

19
Q

What are neurological pathways?

A

A group of neurons that when we do a specific task.

20
Q

What form is the message in when it travels through a neuron?

A

In an electrical form.

21
Q

What does the Medulla do?

A

Located in the brain stem. It deals with breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It is a part of the Autonomic Nervous System.

22
Q

What does the Pons do?

A

Located above the Medulla. It is in charge of hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, chewing, swallowing, secretion of saliva and tears.

23
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Latin for “little brain”. Plays an import role in motor control.

24
Q

What does the Reticular Activating System do?

A

Regulating arousal and sleep-wake transitions.

25
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A

Regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

26
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

Controls body temp., hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep.

27
Q

What does the Limbic System do?

A

Controls emotion, behavior, motivation, long term memory.

28
Q

What does the Cerebrum do?

A

Movement, sensory processing, language and communication.

29
Q

What does the Left Hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Math calculations, grammar and vocabulary. Damage to it can cause Aphasia.

30
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Specializes in visual and spatial processes,

31
Q

What does the Corpus Callosum do?

A

Latin: tough body. Connects the hemispheres.

32
Q

What does the Amygdala do?

A

Formation of memories that deal with emotion, fear center of the brain.

33
Q

What is localization?

A

Each part of the brain has a job to do. EX: the hippocampus deals with memory, on a PET scan, you can see what is happening.

34
Q

What is The Reward System?

A

If something good happens, like eating a good meal, dopamine is released. It’s simple re-enforcement.

35
Q

What happens to The Reward System when illicit drugs are induced?

A

The system gets an exaggerated dopamine response, but eventually the brain stops producing dopamine naturally.

36
Q

What are the parts of The Reward System?

A

The prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and the nucleus accumbus.

37
Q

What happened to Phineas Gage?

A

A railroad spike went through Phineas’ brain and severed the connection between the cortex and the Limbic system. He was acting only on emotion.

38
Q

Describe the neurotransmission process.

A

Messages are received by the dendrites. The message then tracked down the axon as an electrical signal to the synapse which is a promoter. There are two types, an inhibitor stops the message. When a person learns something new, a group of neurons form a pathway.

39
Q

Describe what Epilepsy is, and the symptoms, cause, parts of brain, and treatments.

A

Symptoms- seizures
Parts of brain- whole brain
Cause- lack of GABA inhibitor
Treatment- Valproic acid

40
Q

Describe what Parkinson’s is, and the symptoms, cause, parts of brain, and treatments.

A

Symptoms- shaking, slow movement, weak voice, muscle stiffness, problems w/ balance, and intellectual decline.
Parts of brain- Substantia Nigra, Striatum, Basal Ganglia
Cause- lack of Dopamine
Treatment- Levodopa

41
Q

Describe what Alzheimer’s is, and the symptoms, cause, parts of brain, and treatments.

A

Symptoms- loss of memory, loss of reasoning skills
Parts of brain- cortex and the hippocampus
Cause- acetylcholine, large amount of amyloid plaques
Treatment- Cognex.

42
Q

Why do you humans tend to freeze when faced with a fearful situation?

A

We don’t know what to do. The signal goes to the Amygdala twice as fast as the frontal cortex.

43
Q

How does the Navy train a soldiers brain to overcome a super fear such as drowning?

A

Goal setting, positive self talk, arousal control (breathing), visualization (makes the real thing easier).

44
Q

Describe the battle taking place inside the brain of a base jumper as he/she prepares for her first jump.

A

The Amygdala produces fear, dopamine is released by the striatum, the frontal cortex then weighs the risk.

45
Q

Describe the role of the Cerebellum, Amygdala, and the Cortex in athletic performance. Contrast, being “in the zone” vs. “performance anxiety”.

A

While one is “in the zone” the Cerebellum I struggling the motor responses. The Amygdala is calmed by the Cortex.
Performance Anxiety- the Amygdala is overriding the cortex.

Psychology (6 decks)

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