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Psychology > Psychology- Chapter 1.1-1.5 > Flashcards

Psychology- Chapter 1.1-1.5 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a principle?

A

A basic truth or law

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1
Q

What is a theory?

A

A statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and why things are and why they happen the way they do

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2
Q

What is the definition of Psychology?

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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3
Q

What is morality?

A

The concept of right or good conduct

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4
Q

What is the definition of behavior?

A

Any action that other people can observe or measure.

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5
Q

What is the biological perspective?

A

A perspective based on the influence of biology on behavior, also based on genes/DNA, neurotransmitters.

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6
Q

What is the Evolutionary Perspective?

A

The evolution of behavior and mental processes. EX. Men don’t have to hunt anymore, but we still like to strategize.

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7
Q

What is the Cognitive Perspective?

A

The roles of thoughts on behavior. What you do when a thought comes into your head.

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8
Q

What is the Humanistic Perspective?

A

The stresses of the human capacity for self-fulfillment. We do what we want to do for outsells only. This is why the self help section at the library is the most popular.

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9
Q

What is the Psychoanalytic Perspective?

A

The influence of subconscious forces on behavior. Sigmund Freud theory.

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10
Q

What is the Learning Perspective?

A

The effects of experience on behavior. Based on rewards and punishments.

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11
Q

What perspective is the Trained Rat Theory based off of, and what is it?

A

Based off the Learning Perspective. A Psychologist named Skinner trained rats to see if re-enforcement helps.

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12
Q

What is the Ethical Perspective?

A

Based off of similarities. A group of people who share a common religion, color, or national origin.

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13
Q

Are humans social creatures?

A

Yes.

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14
Q

What are Cognitive Activities?

A

Actives that go on in ones brain. One cannot see these activities, it’s how one feels, how one thinks, etc.

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15
Q

What are Behavioral Activities?

A

Activities that one can see. It’s how one acts, reacts to a situation.

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16
Q

What is the definition of Current Perspectives?

A

Ways of attempting to explain something, but there can’t be one explanation for something, there are too many variables.

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17
Q

What is the most studied area of Psychology right now?

A

The human brain.

18
Q

What is sensation?

A

The stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the brain.

19
Q

What is Perception?

A

The psychological process through which we organize and interpret sensory stimuli.

20
Q

What is the S.S.P.R Process?

A

S-Stimuli: the environment
S-Sensation: something is there, eyes, ears, taste
P-Perception: What it is. Brain.
R-Respond: Behavior

21
Q

What is the Absolute Threshold?

A

The weakest amount of stimuli that can be sensed. EX. A candle can be seen from 30 miles away on a dark night, or a fly wing on a cheek. It is the smallest thing you can sense.

22
Q

What is the Difference Threshold?

A

Or (Just Noticeable Difference)

- the minimum amount of difference that can be detected between 2 stimuli.

23
Q

What is Webers Law?

A

The larger the stimuli, the larger the change needed to detect a difference.
EX- a 40lb backpack, taking away a pencil doesn’t make a difference.

24
Q

What is Sensory Adaptation?

A

We become more sensitive to weak stimuli, less sensitive to unchanging stimuli. EX- If you’re bored, then the stimuli around you isn’t changing.

25
Q

What is Signal Detection Theory?

A

The ability to discern between informational patterns, and random patterns. EX- if I’m expecting a text, I’m going to keep on feeling “phantom vibrations” because I’m expecting something.

26
Q

What is closure?

A

The tendency to perceive a whole object even when gaps are present. Our brain fills in the gaps based on previous experience.

27
Q

What is the Figure Ground Relationship?

A

Perception of figures against the background. We can see something in the background but it’s really the main picture. Vice versa.

28
Q

What is the Law of Proximity?

A

We tend to group objects together, that are close together.

29
Q

What is the Law of Similarity?

A

We tend to group similar objects together. (Stereotypes)

30
Q

What is the Law of Continuity?

A

We like to see smooth continuous patterns.

31
Q

What law is the Stroboscopic Motion Effect based off of, and what is it?

A

It is the illusion of movement by flashing still images so quickly that the eyes and the brain can’t detect the gap. EX. Movies.

32
Q

What are stimuli?

A

A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

33
Q

What is the Law of Common Fate?

A

Objects that are moving in the same direction at approximately the same speed are generally grouped together?

34
Q

What is the theory behind Color Constancy?

A

The tendency to perceive color as remaining the same even when light changes. We learn from experience.

35
Q

What is the theory behind Size Constancy?

A

Tendency to perceive objects as the same size even when far away. We learn from experience.

36
Q

What is the theory behind Shape Constancy?

A

Objects remain the same shape even when viewed from a different angle/perspective.

37
Q

Where in the S-S-P-R Process do most illusions occur?

A

In the perception part, the brain makes assumptions based on experience. Size, color, shape constancy.

38
Q

Why is pain both good and bad?

A

Pain tells is what’s wrong. We learn. It’s a survival instinct.

  • Prostaglandins is a chemical that tells the brain that it’s in pain.
  • Opiates block about 70% of pain.
  • Pain can hurt, and be debilitating.
39
Q

What is the Gate Theory?

A

Rubbing an injury can hurt less, because it confuses the brain and brain doesn’t know what to pay attention to.

40
Q

What is the name of the disease where one can’t feel pain?

A

HSAN- Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.

41
Q

What is the Ponzo Illusion?

A

It deals with size constancy.

42
Q

What is the Müller Lyre Illusion?

A

It deals with Size constancy.

Psychology (6 decks)

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