Psychology- Chapter 1.1-1.5

Question 0

What is a principle?

Answer 0

A basic truth or law

Question 1

What is a theory?

Answer 1

A statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and why things are and why they happen the way they do

Question 2

What is the definition of Psychology?

Answer 2

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 3

What is morality?

Answer 3

The concept of right or good conduct

Question 4

What is the definition of behavior?

Answer 4

Any action that other people can observe or measure.

Question 5

What is the biological perspective?

Answer 5

A perspective based on the influence of biology on behavior, also based on genes/DNA, neurotransmitters.

Question 6

What is the Evolutionary Perspective?

Answer 6

The evolution of behavior and mental processes. EX. Men don’t have to hunt anymore, but we still like to strategize.

Question 7

What is the Cognitive Perspective?

Answer 7

The roles of thoughts on behavior. What you do when a thought comes into your head.

Question 8

What is the Humanistic Perspective?

Answer 8

The stresses of the human capacity for self-fulfillment. We do what we want to do for outsells only. This is why the self help section at the library is the most popular.

Question 9

What is the Psychoanalytic Perspective?

Answer 9

The influence of subconscious forces on behavior. Sigmund Freud theory.

Question 10

What is the Learning Perspective?

Answer 10

The effects of experience on behavior. Based on rewards and punishments.

Question 11

What perspective is the Trained Rat Theory based off of, and what is it?

Answer 11

Based off the Learning Perspective. A Psychologist named Skinner trained rats to see if re-enforcement helps.

Question 12

What is the Ethical Perspective?

Answer 12

Based off of similarities. A group of people who share a common religion, color, or national origin.

Question 13

Are humans social creatures?

Answer 13

Yes.

Question 14

What are Cognitive Activities?

Answer 14

Actives that go on in ones brain. One cannot see these activities, it’s how one feels, how one thinks, etc.

Question 15

What are Behavioral Activities?

Answer 15

Activities that one can see. It’s how one acts, reacts to a situation.

Question 16

What is the definition of Current Perspectives?

Answer 16

Ways of attempting to explain something, but there can’t be one explanation for something, there are too many variables.

Question 17

What is the most studied area of Psychology right now?

Answer 17

The human brain.

Question 18

What is sensation?

Answer 18

The stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the brain.

Question 19

What is Perception?

Answer 19

The psychological process through which we organize and interpret sensory stimuli.

Question 20

What is the S.S.P.R Process?

Answer 20

S-Stimuli: the environment
S-Sensation: something is there, eyes, ears, taste
P-Perception: What it is. Brain.
R-Respond: Behavior

Question 21

What is the Absolute Threshold?

Answer 21

The weakest amount of stimuli that can be sensed. EX. A candle can be seen from 30 miles away on a dark night, or a fly wing on a cheek. It is the smallest thing you can sense.

Question 22

What is the Difference Threshold?

Answer 22

Or (Just Noticeable Difference)

- the minimum amount of difference that can be detected between 2 stimuli.

Question 23

What is Webers Law?

Answer 23

The larger the stimuli, the larger the change needed to detect a difference.
EX- a 40lb backpack, taking away a pencil doesn’t make a difference.

Question 24

What is Sensory Adaptation?

Answer 24

We become more sensitive to weak stimuli, less sensitive to unchanging stimuli. EX- If you're bored, then the stimuli around you isn't changing.

Question 25

What is Signal Detection Theory?

Answer 25

The ability to discern between informational patterns, and random patterns. EX- if I'm expecting a text, I'm going to keep on feeling "phantom vibrations" because I'm expecting something.

Question 26

What is closure?

Answer 26

The tendency to perceive a whole object even when gaps are present. Our brain fills in the gaps based on previous experience.

Question 27

What is the Figure Ground Relationship?

Answer 27

Perception of figures against the background. We can see something in the background but it's really the main picture. Vice versa.

Question 28

What is the Law of Proximity?

Answer 28

We tend to group objects together, that are close together.

Question 29

What is the Law of Similarity?

Answer 29

We tend to group similar objects together. (Stereotypes)

Question 30

What is the Law of Continuity?

Answer 30

We like to see smooth continuous patterns.

Question 31

What law is the Stroboscopic Motion Effect based off of, and what is it?

Answer 31

It is the illusion of movement by flashing still images so quickly that the eyes and the brain can't detect the gap. EX. Movies.

Question 32

What are stimuli?

Answer 32

A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

Question 33

What is the Law of Common Fate?

Answer 33

Objects that are moving in the same direction at approximately the same speed are generally grouped together?

Question 34

What is the theory behind Color Constancy?

Answer 34

The tendency to perceive color as remaining the same even when light changes. We learn from experience.

Question 35

What is the theory behind Size Constancy?

Answer 35

Tendency to perceive objects as the same size even when far away. We learn from experience.

Question 36

What is the theory behind Shape Constancy?

Answer 36

Objects remain the same shape even when viewed from a different angle/perspective.

Question 37

Where in the S-S-P-R Process do most illusions occur?

Answer 37

In the perception part, the brain makes assumptions based on experience. Size, color, shape constancy.

Question 38

Why is pain both good and bad?

Answer 38

Pain tells is what's wrong. We learn. It's a survival instinct. - Prostaglandins is a chemical that tells the brain that it's in pain. - Opiates block about 70% of pain. - Pain can hurt, and be debilitating.

Question 39

What is the Gate Theory?

Answer 39

Rubbing an injury can hurt less, because it confuses the brain and brain doesn't know what to pay attention to.

Question 40

What is the name of the disease where one can't feel pain?

Answer 40

HSAN- Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.

Question 41

What is the Ponzo Illusion?

Answer 41

It deals with size constancy.

Question 42

What is the Müller Lyre Illusion?

Answer 42

It deals with Size constancy.