The Nervous System Flashcards
Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
- Cranial Nerves
- Spinal Nerves
Picks up sensory information and delivers it to the CNS
Sensory Division
Carries information to muscles and glands
Motor Division
Carries information to skeletal muscles
Somatic
Carries information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Automatic
Nerve impulses pass form neuron to neuron at:
synapses
- Membranes surrounding CNS
- Protect CNS
- Three layers
*dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter
Meninges
Outer; tough
Dura Matter
Thin; weblike
Arachnoid Matter
Inner, very thin
Pia Matter
Subarachnoid space is made of
CSF
Directly touches spinal cord
Pia Matter
- Interconnected cavities within cerebral hemispheres and brain stem
- Continuous with central canal of spinal cord
- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ventricles
- Slender column of nervous tissue continuous with brain
- extends downward through vertebral canal
- Begins at level of foramen magnum and terminates near first and second lumbar
Spinal Cord
Spinal cord begins at level of _____ and terminates near first and second lumbar
foramen magnum
Automatic subconscious responses to stimuli within or outside the body
Reflexes
What is an example of reflex behavior?
Knee-jerk reflex
- Simple monosynaptic reflex
- Helps maintain an upright posture
Reflex Behavior
Example of reflex that prevents or damages tissue damage
Withdrawl Reflex
Conduct sensory impulses to the brain
Ascending Tracts
Tracts conduct motor impulses from the brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands
Descending Tracts
The third ventricle is found in the:
diencephalon
The fourth ventricle is found in the:
hindbrain dorsal to the puns
The ventricles are:
Paired C-shaped lateral ventricles
Cerebral hemispheres form the superior part of th brain and make up ____% of its mass
83%
ridges of brain
gyri
shallow grooves
sulci
Deep groove in the brain
fissures
Deep sulci divide the hemisphere into five lobes:
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insula
Separates frontal and parietal lobes
Central Sulcus
Separates the parietal and occipital lobes
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Separates the parietal and temporal lobes
Lateral Sulcus
The pre central and post central gyri border
the central sulcus
- Consists of deep myelinated fibers and their tracts
- Is responsible for communication between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS center, and areas of the cerebellum
Cerebral White Matter
-Carry motor impulses from brain to muscles used in chewing, swallowing, speaking, and forming facial expressions
Special Somatic Efferent Fibers
Carry sensory impulses to brain from olfactory and taste receptors
Special Visceral Afferent Fibers
Carry sensory impulses to brain from receptors of sight, hearing, and equillibrium
Special Somatic Afferent Fibers
List the nerves in descending order:
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Occulomotor
- Trochlear
- Trigeminal
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Accessory
- Hypoglossal
Olfactory
- Sensory
- Fibers transmit impulses associated with smell
Optic
- Sensory
- Fibers transmit impulses associated with vision
Oculomotor
- Motor
- Move the eyes
Trochlear
- Motor
- Motor impulses to the muscles that move the eye
Trigeminal
-Mixed
- Sensory- upper teeth
- Motor- muscles of mastication
Abducens
- Motor
- Muscles that move the eyes
Facial
-Mixed
- Sensory from taste receptors
- Motor to muscles of facial expression
Vestibulocochlear
- Sensory
- Sensory from hearing receptors
Glossopharyngeal
-Mixed
- Sensory from tongue
- Motor to salivary glands
Vagus
-Mixed
- Sensory from viscera of thorax
- Motor to viscera of thorax
Accessory
- Motor
- Motor to muscles of neck and back
Hypoglossal
- Motor
- Motor to muscles of tongue