Skeletal System Flashcards
the entire framework of bones and cartilage
the skeletal system
Functions of Bones:
- give body structure
- site of tendon and ligament attachment (for movement)
- protection of some internal organs
- stores minerals (calcium and phosphate)
- blood cell production (occurs in the red bone marrow of the epiphysis)
- triclyceride storage (stored in medullary cavity)
Where does blood cell production occur?
in the red bone marrow of the epiphysis
where are triglycerides stored?
in the medullary cavity
What minerals do bones store?
Calcium and phosphate
Two parts of the long bone:
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Articular Cartilage
- Periostium
- Medullary Cavity
- Endosteum
the two swellings of either end of the long bone
Epiphysis
What kind of bone is in the epiphysis?
spongy bone
Connective tissue that lines the internal cavities of a bone
Endosteum
Within the diapysis
Medullary Cavity
connective tissue surrounding the exposed outside of bone
Periostium
Covers the end of the epiphysis
Articular Cartilage
Bone matrix consists of:
- non-cellular substance
- 25% fibrous protein
- 25% water
- 50% crystallized mineral salt
bone cells that build bone tissue
osteoblasts
bone cells that break down bone tissue
osteoclasts
mature bone cells
osteocytes
Characteristics of compact bone:
- Few spaces between hard components
- Makes the external layer of all bones
- Provides:
a) structure
b) site of attachments for tendons and ligaments
Characteristic of spongy bone
- does not contain true osteon
- made up of lamellae that are arranged in a lattice of thin columns of bone
- trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow
Compact bone is arranged in _____
Haversian systems (osteon)
Why are trabeculae arranged the way they are?
to resist stress from many directions and angles
Axial Skeleton consists of:
- Head
- Neck
- Trunk
Appendicular Skeleton consists of:
- upper limbs
- lower limbs
- pectoral girdle
- pelvic girdle
