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BIO 141 Lab > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Specialized cells or multicellular structures that collect information from the environment

A

Sensory Receptors

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2
Q

Sensory receptors stimulate neurons to send impulses along:

A

sensory fibers to the brain

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3
Q

A feeling that occurs when brain become aware of a sensory impulse

A

Sensation

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4
Q

A persons view of the stimulus; the way the brian interprets the info

A

Perception

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5
Q

Respond to changes in chemical concentrations

A

Chemoreceptors

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6
Q

Respond to tissue damage

A

Pain Receptors (Nociceptors)

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7
Q

Respond to changes in temperatures

A

Thermoreceptors

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8
Q

Respond to mechanical forces

A

Mechanoreceptors

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9
Q

Respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

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10
Q

Process in which the brain projects the sensation back to the apparent sources

A

Projection

*Allows a person to pinpoint the region of stimulation

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11
Q

Senses associated with skin, muscles, joints, and viscera

A

General Senses

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12
Q

Three groups of General Senses:

A
  1. Exteroceptive
  2. Visceroceptive
  3. Proprioreceptive
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13
Q
  • Common in epithelial tissues
  • simplest receptors
  • sense itching
A

Free Nerve Ending

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14
Q
  • Abundant in hairless portions of skin; lips

- Detect fine touch; distinguish between two points on the skin

A

Meissner’s Corpulses

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15
Q
  • Common in deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons, and ligaments
  • Detect heavy pressure and vibrations
A

Pacinian Corpulses

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16
Q

Send information to spinal cord and CNS about body position and length and tension of muscles

A

Proprioreceptors

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17
Q

Main kind of proprioreceptors:

A
  1. Pacinian Corpulses
  2. Muscle Spindles
  3. Golgi Tendon Organs

*Stretch Receptors

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18
Q

in joints

A

Pacinian Corpulses

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19
Q

In skeletal muscle

A

Muscle Spindles

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20
Q

in tendons

A

Golgi Tendon Organs

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21
Q
  • Chemoreceptors

- Respond to chemicals dissolved in liquids

A

Olfactory Receptors

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22
Q
  • Contain olfactory receptors and supporting epithelial cells
  • Cover parts of nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae, and a portion of nasal septum
A

Olfactory Organs

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23
Q

Stimulated by carbohydrates

A

sweet

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24
Q

stimulated by acids

A

sour

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25
Q

stimulated by salts

A

salty

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26
Q

stimulated by organic compounds

A

bitter

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27
Q

stimulated by glutomate

A

umani

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28
Q

Spicy foods activate:

A

pain receptors

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29
Q

modified epithelial cells that function as receptors (chemo-receptors)

A

Taste cells

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30
Q

Microvilli that protrude from taste cells; sensitive parts of taste cells

A

Taste hairs

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31
Q

Located on the papillae of tongue, roof of mouth, linings of cheeks, and walls of pharynx

A

organs of taste

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32
Q

Once olfactory receptors are stimulated, nerve impulses travel through:

A

olfactory nerves–> olfactory bulbs–> olfactory tracts–> limbic system (for emotions)–> olfactory cortex (for interpretation)

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33
Q

Organ of hearing

A

Ear

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34
Q

Collects sound waves

A

Auricle

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35
Q
  • lined with ceruminous glands
  • carries sound to tympanic membrane
  • terminates with tympanic membrane
A

External Acoustic Meatus

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36
Q

Virbrates in response to sound waves

A

Tympanic Membrane

37
Q

Air filled space in temporal bone

A

Tympanic Cavity

38
Q
  • Vibrate in response to tympanic membrane

- Malleus, incus, and stapes

A

Auditory Ossicles

39
Q
  • Opening in wall of tympanic cavity

- stapes vibrate against it to move fluids in inner ear

A

Oval Window

40
Q
  • Connects middle ear to the throat
  • helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane
  • usually closed by valve-like flaps in the throat
A

Eustacian Tube

41
Q

Complex system of labyrinths

A

Inner Ear

42
Q
  • Bony canal in temporal bone

- Filled with perilymph

A

Osseous Labyrinth

43
Q
  • Tube within osseous labyrinth

- filled with endolymph

A

Membranous Labyrinth

44
Q

Three parts of Labyrinths:

A
  1. Cochlea
  2. Semicircular Canals
  3. Vestibule
45
Q
  • Group of hearing receptor cells
  • on upper surface of basilar membrane
  • particular sound frequencies cause hairs of receptor cells to bend
  • nerve impulses generated
A

Organ of Corti

46
Q
  • Vestible

- Sense position of head when body is not moving

A

Static Equillibrium

47
Q
  • Semicircular Canals

- Sense rotation and movement of head and body

A

Dynamic Equillibrium

48
Q

Communicates with saccule and membraneous portion of semicircular canals

A

Utricle

49
Q

communicates with cochlear duct

A

Saccule

50
Q

Hair cells of utricle and saccule

A

Macula

51
Q

Three canals at right angles

A

Semicircle Canals

52
Q

Swelling of membraneous labyrinth that communicates with the vestibule

A

Ampulla

53
Q
  • Sensory organ of ampulla
  • hair cells and supporting cells
  • rapid turns of head or body stimulate hair cells
A

Crista Ampullaris

54
Q

The most dominant sense is the ___

A

eye

55
Q

___ of all sensory receptors are in the eye

A

-70%

56
Q

responsible for producing tears

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

57
Q

Prevents perspiration from getting into the eye

A

Eyebrow

58
Q

Coarse hairs that overlie the supraorbital margins

Functions include:

  • shading the eye
  • Preventing perspiration from reaching the eye
A

Eyebrows

59
Q
  • Protect the eye anteriorly
  • Palpebral Fissure
  • Lacrimal Caruncle
A

Papebrae (Eyelids)

60
Q
  • Project from the free margin of each eyelid

- Initiate reflex blinking

A

Eyelashes

61
Q
  • Transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the whites of the eyes
  • Lubricates and protects the eye
A

Conjunctiva

62
Q

Consists of the lacrimal gland and associated ducts

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

63
Q

secrete tears

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

64
Q

The structure of the eyeball

A

Slightly irregular hollow sphere

65
Q

The wall is composed of three tunics:

A
  • fibrous
  • vascular
  • sensory
66
Q

The internal cavity of the eyeball is filled with fluids called:

A

humors

67
Q

The ____ separates the intern; cavity

A

lens

68
Q

Forms the outermost coat of the eye and is composed of opaque sclera and clear cornea

A

Fibrous Tunic

  • -Protects the eye and anchors extrinsic muscles
  • the cornea lets light enter the eye
69
Q

Three regions of the Vascular Tunic

A
  • Choroid
  • Ciliary Body
  • Iris
70
Q
  • A dark brown membrane

- supplies blood to all eye tunics

A

Choroid

71
Q
  • A thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens
  • Composed of smooth muscle bundles (ciliary muscles)
  • Anchors the suspensory ligament that holds the lens in place
A

Ciliary Body

72
Q

Central opening of the iris

A

Pupil

73
Q

The outer layer of the retina that absorbs light and prevents its scattering

A

Pigmented Layer

74
Q

Contains photoreceptors that transduce light energy, bipolar cells and ganglion cells, and amacrine and horizontal cells

A

Neural Layer of Retina

75
Q
  • Respond to dim light

- Are used for peripheral vision

A

Rods

76
Q
  • Respons to bright light
  • Have high-acuity color vision
  • Are concentrated in fovea capitis
A

Cones

77
Q

Where are cones concentrated?

A

Fovea Capitis

78
Q

____ separates the internal eye

A

Lens

79
Q
  • Transmits light
  • Supports the posterior surface of the lens
  • Holds the neural retina against the pigmented layer
A

Vitreous Humor

80
Q

A plasma-like fluid that fills the anterior segment of the eye

A

Aqueous Humor

*Supports, nourishes, and removes wastes

81
Q

Between the cornea and iris

A

Anterior

82
Q

Between the iris and the lens

A

Posterior

83
Q

A biconvex, transparent, flexible, avascular structure that:

  • Allows precise focusing of light onto your retina
  • Is composed of epithelium and lens fibers
A

Lens

84
Q

With age, the lens becomes more compact and dense and loses its _____

A

elasticity

85
Q

When a convex lens forms an image it is:

A

upside down and reversed right to left

86
Q

Light is reflected three times:

A
  • At the cornea
  • Entering the lens
  • Leaving the lens
87
Q

The lens curvature and shape allow for:

A

Fine focusing of an image

88
Q

Process by which the eye detects light energy

A

Photoreception

89
Q
  • Modify neurons
  • Resemble tall epithelial cells
  • Exist as: cones and rods
A

Photoreceptors

BIO 141 Lab (10 decks)

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