the nervous system

Question 1

what are molecular messages

Answer 1

circulate in the blood. They have local effects that vary in speed (generally slow).

• Many aspects of control require speed. The nervous systems speeds up the rate at which messages are
  communicated. It records decisions over time to build a library of how to respond to different situations.

Question 2

what are the 2 parts the nervous system is made up of

Answer 2

1- perirpheral nervous system:

2- central nervous system:

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system:

Answer 3

attached to the spinal cord or cranial nerves attached to the
brain. They can receive or send information to and from the periphery.

Question 4

central nervous system

Answer 4

has the brain and spinal cord. The CNS receives inputs. It analyses, interprets
and stores it in the memory. It then initiates and controls the output (action or response).

Question 5

what are a bundle of axons called

Answer 5

nerves

Question 6

what are a bundle of cell bodies called

Answer 6

ganglia

Question 7

Forebrain (Cerebrum) contain?

Answer 7

Includes the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus).

Question 8

what does the midbrain do?

Answer 8

Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation

Question 9

what does the hindbrain do?

Answer 9

Includes the pons, medulla and cerebellum

Question 10

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 10

Process sensory information and relays to the cerebrum.

- Also involve in memory and emotional functions of the limbic system.

Question 11

what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 11

Control of endocrine (regulates homeostasis) and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 12

what does the cerebellum do?

Answer 12

Functions in regulating muscle tone, co-ordination of movement, posture and balance.

Question 13

what does the cerebral cortex do?

Answer 13

Functions in neural integration.

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 14

what does the brain stem include?

Answer 14

Includes the midbrain, pons and medulla.

- Site of cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory centres.

Question 15

what does the spinal cord do?

Answer 15

Functions in conduction with bundles of neves conducting information up and down the cord.
- Neural integration, locomotion and reflexes.

Question 16

what are the 3 parts to a neuron?

Answer 16

1- cell body
2- dendrites
3- axon

Question 17

what is mylein made out of

Answer 17

gial cells covers the axon to insulate the neurons electrical activity from surrounding neurons. in the PNS schwann cells make mylein

Question 18

what does the CNS and PNS develop from

Answer 18

ectoderm - CNS

neural crest cells - PNS

Question 19

what are the two different spinal roots

Answer 19

1- The dorsal root consists of bipolar ganglion cells where the sensory neurons receive information.
2- The ventral root consists of ventral horn cells where the motor neurons send information.

Question 20

what are nerves covered in for protection?

Answer 20

1- cerebrospinal fluid

2- menginges

Question 21

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 21

It protects the brain, provides nutrients and removes wastes and debris that is reabsorbed into the blood system via ventricles.

Question 22

meninges

Answer 22

fibrous connective tissue membranes that envelope the brain and spinal cord. Lay between the nervous tissue and the bone and protect the CNS, provide it with nutrients and remove the waste products.

Question 23

Cranial nerves

Answer 23

• olfactory sensory nerve for smell.
• optic sensory nerve for vision.
• trigeminal sensory nerve for touch and temp
• vagus (mixed nerve)
• vestibulocochlear sensory nerve for hearing

Question 24

Spina bifida

Answer 24

failure of the vertebral column to unite at the midline.

Question 25

Anencephaly

Answer 25

generally of the forebrain and midbrain where the cranial vault is absent during early development. The fetus does not survive past birth.

Question 26

Hydrocephaly:

Answer 26

cerebrospinal fluid is constantly produced.