The Nervous System

Question 1

axon hillock

Answer 1

between the soma and the axon, site of signal integration

Question 2

oligodendrocytes

Answer 2

Produce myelin sheath in the central nervous system

Question 3

Schwann Cells

Answer 3

produce myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Question 4

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 4

small breaks in the myelin sheath where axon membrane is exposed

Question 5

nerve

Answer 5

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 6

Ganglia

Answer 6

Bundle of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Tract

Answer 7

bundle of axons in the central nervous system

Question 8

Nuclei

Answer 8

bundle of cell bodies in the central nervous system

Question 9

Astrocytes

Answer 9

Form the blood brain barrier

Question 10

Ependymal cells

Answer 10

Produce the cerebro-spinal fluid

Question 11

Microglia

Answer 11

phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS

Question 12

action potential

Answer 12

all or nothing electrical impulse

Question 13

resting membrane potential

Answer 13

difference in charge between the inside of the neuron and extracellular space

Question 14

Na/K ATPase

Answer 14

Pumps 3 Na ions out and 2 K ions in using ATP to maintain resting membrane potential

Question 15

summation

Answer 15

The additive effects of multiple signals

Question 16

temporal summation

Answer 16

multiple signals are integrated during a relatively short period of time

Question 17

spatial summation

Answer 17

additive effects are based on the number and location of incoming signals

Question 18

saltatory conduction

Answer 18

The jumping conduction pattern observed along axons due to ions only able to flow at nodes of ranvier

Question 19

effector

Answer 19

a gland or muscle being signaled to by a neuron

Question 20

Three ways to remove NT

Answer 20

1. Broken down by enzymatic reactions
2. Brought back into neuron using reuptake carries
3. Diffuse out of the synapse

Question 21

Sensory/afferent Neurons

Answer 21

transfer sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain

Question 22

Motor/efferent Neurons

Answer 22

transmit motor information from brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Question 23

Interneurons

Answer 23

Found between sensory and motor neurons, responsible for reflexes

Question 24

supraspinal circuits

Answer 24

Neural circuits used when input from the brain or brainstem is required

Question 25

Divisions of the spinal cord

Answer 25

Top to bottom cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 26

vertebral column

Answer 26

vertebrae bones protecting the spinal cord

Question 27

dorsal root ganglia

Answer 27

where the cell bodies of the sensory neurons are found

Question 28

ventral horn

Answer 28

where the bodies of the motor neurons are found

Question 29

preganglionic neuron

Answer 29

The 1st neuron in the ANS who’s body lies in the CNS and axon travels to a ganglion in the PNS

Question 30

Postganglionic neuron

Answer 30

Receives input from preganglionic neuron and then effects the target tissue

Question 31

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 31

division of the ANS who’s role is to preserve energy

Question 32

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

division of the ANS activated by stress, fight or flight response

Question 33

reflex arcs

Answer 33

Neural circuits that control reflex behaviors

Question 34

monosynaptic reflex arc

Answer 34

single synapse between the sensory neuron that recieves the stimulus and the motor neuron that responds to it

Question 35

polysynaptic reflex arc

Answer 35

There is at least one interneuron between the sensory neurons receiving the stimulus and the motor neuron responding to it