The Nervous System Flashcards
Sensory neurons
Conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain. Afferent
Motor neurons
Conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. Efferent
Interneurons
Conduct impulses form sensory neurons to motor neurons. Connecting
Glia or neuroglia
Support cells. Hold neurons together, protect them and regulate neurons function
Astrocytes
Star shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons
Microglia
Small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis
Oligodendrocytes
Form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS.
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheaths in PNS ONLY
What causes MS
Myelin loss in central nerve fibers resulting conduction impairments
What is the general name for nervous system tumors?
Neuroma
Most neuromas are?
Gliomas. Glia tumors
What is white matter?
Brain or cord tissue composed primarily of myelinated axons (tracts)
What is grey matter?
Brain or cord tissue composed primarily of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers and dendrites
Endoneurium
Surrounds individual fibers within nerve
Perímetros
Surrounds a group of nerve fibers
Epineurim
Surrounds entire nerve
What are nerve impulses
Self propagating wave of electrical disturbances that travels along the surface of a neuron membrane. Called action potentials
Which action potential is faster? Also called saltatory conduction
Myelinated fiber because the action potential jumps around the myelin
Formation of cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the
Choroid plexus
Limbic system integrates
Emotion
Autonomic nervous system
Subdivision of nervous system that regulates involuntary functions
the synapse
place where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another
synaptic knob
neurotransmiters are in vesicles. released into the synaptic cleft
synaptic cleft
space between knob and plasma membrane where neurotransmitters travel
plasma membranes of postsynaptic neuron
receptor molecules open ion chanels and thereby initiates impulse conduction
parkinson disease
characterized by abnormally low levels of dopamine in motor control areas of the brain
what 3 parts does the brainstem consist of
midbrain, pons and medulla obongata
cerebellum
second largest part. controls muscle contractions to produce coordinated movements. maintain balance
Cerebrum
largest part of human brain. outer layer of gray matter. interior of white matter. sensations, consciousness, memory
cerebrovascular accident
stroke, hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow through cerebral blood vessels
cerebral palsy
damage to motor control areas of the brain
dementia
progressive memory loss
alzheimer disease
brain disorder of the middle and late adult years
huntington disease
inherited disorder characterized by chorea progressing to severe dementia
