The Endocrine System

Question 1

Exocrine glands

Answer 1

Secret their own products into ducts that empty onto or into a cavity

Question 2

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

Ductless. Secret hormones. Chemical substances with regulatory effect on activity of target cells

Question 3

Non steroid hormones

Answer 3

First messengers bind to receptors on target cell membrane, triggering second messengers to affect cells activities

Question 4

Steroid hormone

Answer 4

Bind to receptors within target cell nucleus and influence cell activity by acting on DNA

Question 5

Polyendocrine disorders

Answer 5

Hyper, hyposecretion of more than one hormone

Question 6

Prostaglandins PGs

Answer 6

Powerful substances. Influence activity of neighbouring cells. Control many body functions

Question 7

Anterior pituitary gland. And hormones it secrets

Answer 7

Adeno: gland. Master gland. Controls thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, ovarian follicles and corpus luteum. Growth. Thyroid, adreno, prolactin.

Question 8

TSH thyroid

Answer 8

Stimulates growth of thyroid gland, secret thyroid hormone

Question 9

ACTH

Answer 9

Stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secret glucocorticoids

Question 10

FSH

Answer 10

Initiates growth of ovarian follicles each month, estrogen

Question 11

LH luteinizing

Answer 11

Acts with FHS stimulate estrogen, secretion and follicle growth to completion

Question 12

GH growth

Answer 12

Stimulates growth by accelerating protein anabolism. Accelerates fat catabolism

Question 13

Prolactin

Answer 13

Stimulates breast development

Question 14

Thyroid gland and names of hormones

Answer 14

T4 and t3 accelerate body’s metabolic rate

Calcitonin: decreases the blood calcium concentration

Question 15

Goiter

Answer 15

Painless enlargement of thyroid caused by dietary deficiency of iodine. Not enough secretion of hormones

Question 16

Parathyroid gland

Answer 16

Parathyroid hormone: Increases blood calcium level concentration

Question 17

Adrenal cortex

Answer 17

Outer part. Glucocorticoids: chiefly cortisol
Mineralocorticoids: aldosterone
Sex hormones: small amounts of androgens

Question 18

3 layers of adrenal cortex and what they secret

Answer 18

Outer layer: mineralocorticoids
Middle layer: glucocorticoids
Inner layer: sex hormones

Question 19

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 19

Increase blood sodium and decrease body potassium concentrations

Question 20

Glucocorticoids

Answer 20

Help maintain glucose concentration by increasing glucogenesis ( conversion of amino acids into glucose)

Question 21

What 3 hormones that act together to produce antiflammatory effect?

Answer 21

Glucocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 22

Adrenal medulla

Answer 22

Eli and norepinephrine: help body resist stress by intensifying and prolonging effects of sympathetic stimulation

Question 23

Cushing syndrome is caused by?

Answer 23

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Question 24

What are the two type aid diabetes mellitus?

Answer 24

Type 1: hyposecretion of insulin

Type 2: results from target cell insensitivity to insulin

Question 25

What hormones do pancreatic islets secret?

Answer 25

Glucagon( secreted by alpha cells)

Insulin( secreted by beta cells)

Question 26

Function of glucagon

Answer 26

Increases blood glucose level by acceleration glycogenolysis in liver

Question 27

Function of insulin

Answer 27

Decreases the blood glucose by accelerating the movement of glucose out of the blood into the cells

Question 28

Thymus: hormone and function

Answer 28

Thymosin: plays important role in the development and function of body’s immune system