The Endocrine System Flashcards
Exocrine glands
Secret their own products into ducts that empty onto or into a cavity
Endocrine glands
Ductless. Secret hormones. Chemical substances with regulatory effect on activity of target cells
Non steroid hormones
First messengers bind to receptors on target cell membrane, triggering second messengers to affect cells activities
Steroid hormone
Bind to receptors within target cell nucleus and influence cell activity by acting on DNA
Polyendocrine disorders
Hyper, hyposecretion of more than one hormone
Prostaglandins PGs
Powerful substances. Influence activity of neighbouring cells. Control many body functions
Anterior pituitary gland. And hormones it secrets
Adeno: gland. Master gland. Controls thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, ovarian follicles and corpus luteum. Growth. Thyroid, adreno, prolactin.
TSH thyroid
Stimulates growth of thyroid gland, secret thyroid hormone
ACTH
Stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secret glucocorticoids
FSH
Initiates growth of ovarian follicles each month, estrogen
LH luteinizing
Acts with FHS stimulate estrogen, secretion and follicle growth to completion
GH growth
Stimulates growth by accelerating protein anabolism. Accelerates fat catabolism
Prolactin
Stimulates breast development
Thyroid gland and names of hormones
T4 and t3 accelerate body’s metabolic rate
Calcitonin: decreases the blood calcium concentration
Goiter
Painless enlargement of thyroid caused by dietary deficiency of iodine. Not enough secretion of hormones
Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone: Increases blood calcium level concentration
Adrenal cortex
Outer part. Glucocorticoids: chiefly cortisol
Mineralocorticoids: aldosterone
Sex hormones: small amounts of androgens
3 layers of adrenal cortex and what they secret
Outer layer: mineralocorticoids
Middle layer: glucocorticoids
Inner layer: sex hormones
Mineralocorticoids
Increase blood sodium and decrease body potassium concentrations
Glucocorticoids
Help maintain glucose concentration by increasing glucogenesis ( conversion of amino acids into glucose)
What 3 hormones that act together to produce antiflammatory effect?
Glucocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla
Eli and norepinephrine: help body resist stress by intensifying and prolonging effects of sympathetic stimulation
Cushing syndrome is caused by?
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
What are the two type aid diabetes mellitus?
Type 1: hyposecretion of insulin
Type 2: results from target cell insensitivity to insulin
What hormones do pancreatic islets secret?
Glucagon( secreted by alpha cells)
Insulin( secreted by beta cells)
Function of glucagon
Increases blood glucose level by acceleration glycogenolysis in liver
Function of insulin
Decreases the blood glucose by accelerating the movement of glucose out of the blood into the cells
Thymus: hormone and function
Thymosin: plays important role in the development and function of body’s immune system
