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A, P, P Midterm > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skeletal system

A
  • internal framework
  • protects internal organs
  • produces white blood cells
  • makes movement possible
  • stores calcium
  • form blood cells
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2
Q

Diaphysis

A

Hollow tube of hard compact bone

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3
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow space inside the diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow

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4
Q

Epiphyses

A

Made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

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5
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer that covers each epiphysis, provides a cushion

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6
Q

Periosteum

A

Strong, fibrous membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

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7
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin membrane that lines medullary cavity

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8
Q

Spongy bone

A

Texture from needlelike threads of bone called trabeculae surrounded by network of open spaces. Contain red bone marrow

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9
Q

Concentric lamella

A

In compact bone. Structural unit that is an osteon-calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings

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10
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells which are found inside spaces called lacunae, which are connected by tiny tubes called canaliculi

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11
Q

Cartilage

A

Chondrocytes located in lacunae. Matrix is flexible gel like substance and lacks blood vessels

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12
Q

Osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes

A

Osteoclasts cells that remove bone. Osteoclasts cells that form bone

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13
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Process of forming bones from cartilage models

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14
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Of cartilage during bone formation

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15
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Appears when cartilage has disappeared and bone formation is complete

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16
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots in babies skulls

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17
Q

Axial skeleton

A

80 bones. Skull, spine and thorax

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18
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones. Upper extremities including shoulder and lower extremities including hip

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19
Q

Spine or vertebral column

A

4 normal curves. Lordosis:swayback, kyphosis: hunchback, scoliosis: abnormal side to side curvature

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20
Q

Vertebrae divisions

A 
Cervical 7 bones
Thoracic 12 bones
Lumbar 5 bones
Sacrum 1 bone 
Coccyx 1 bone
21
Q

Thorax

A

12 pairs of ribs. Sternum. Thoracic vertebrae. 1-7 true ribs. False ribs 8-10. 11-12 floating ribs

22
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones in shoulder or pectoral girdle connect bones of upper extremity to axial skeleton. Bones in hip or pelvic girdle connect bones of lower extremity to axial skeleton

23
Q

Upper extremity

A

Arm, forearm, wrist and hands. Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal and phalanges

24
Q

Lower extremities and bones

A

Thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. Vocal, fémur, patella, tibia, tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges

25
Q

What bone does not connect to at least on other bone?

A

Hyoid

26
Q

Kinda of joints and degree of movement

A

Synarthroses: no movement, sutures
Amphiarthroses: slight movement, pubic symphysis
Diarthroses: free movement

27
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines joint capsule and secretes lubricating fluid

28
Q

Types of movable joints

A 
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot 
Saddle
Gliding 
Condyloid
29
Q

Ball and socket

A

Shoulder and hip.

30
Q

Hinge

A

Elbow joint. Flexion and extension

31
Q

Pivot joints

A

Rotation. In head and elbow

32
Q

Saddle joint

A

Saddle shaped in thumb. Flex, extend, abduct and circumduct

33
Q

Abduction

A

Increase angle of a joint to move a part away from the midline. Side and away from body

34
Q

Adduction

A

Decreases angle of joint to move a part toward the midline. Down and in

35
Q

Gliding joints

A

Articular processes between vertebrae

36
Q

Condyloid joints

A

Atlantooccipital joint

37
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Most common and serious malignant bone neoplasm. Femur and proximal tibia and humerus

38
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage. 2nd most common

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone losses minerals, calcified bone matrix and reduction in number of trabeculae in spongy bone

40
Q

Rickets and osteomalacia

A

Loss of bone minerals. Vitamins D deficiency

41
Q

Paget disease

A

Faulty remodelling results in deformed bones that fracture easily

42
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Bones brittle because of lack of organic matrix

43
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bacterial infection of bone

44
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Noninflammatory disorder. Abnormal formation of new bone

45
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammatory disease

46
Q

Systemic autoimmune disease

A

Chronic inflammation of synovial membrane with involvement of other tissues

47
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Synovial inflammation caused by gout, in which sodium irate crystals form in joints

48
Q

Infectious arthritis

A

Resulting from infection by a pathogen

A, P, P Midterm (7 decks)

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