The Nervous System

Question 1

What do sense organs do?

Answer 1

Detect stimuli

Question 2

What is a ‘stimulus’?

Answer 2

A change in the environment that you may need to react to

Question 3

Name the 5 different sense organs

Answer 3

1. Skin
2. Nose
3. Eyes
4. Ears
5. Tongue

Question 4

What do sense organs all contain?

Answer 4

Different receptors

Question 5

What are receptors?

Answer 5

Groups of cells which are sensitive to a stimulus

Question 6

What do receptors do?

Answer 6

They change stimulus energy (e.g. light energy) into electrical impulses

Question 7

Name the 7 types of stimulus

Answer 7

1. Light
2. Sound
3. Touch
4. Pressure
5. Chemical
6. Position
7. Temperature

Question 8

Eyes

Name the receptors they contain, what they are sesitive to, and describe the type of cell they are

Answer 8

Eyes

Contain LIGHT receptors (sensitive to changes in light)

Cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane (like most animal cells)

Question 9

Ears

Name the receptors they contain, and what they are sensitive to

Answer 9

Ears

Contain SOUND receptors and BALANCE receptors (sensitive to changes in sound and position)

Question 10

Nose

Name the receptors it contains and what they are sensitive to

Answer 10

Nose

Contain SMELL receptors

(sensitive to chemical changes)

Question 11

Tongue

Name the receptors it contains and what they are sensitive to

Answer 11

Tongue

Contain TASTE receptors

(sensitive to chemical changes)

Question 12

What are the taste receptors in the tongue sensitive to?

(5 + detail for last)

Answer 12

1. Bitter
2. Sweet
3. Salt.
4. Sour
5. Savoury (like monosodium glutamate/ MSG)

Question 13

Skin

Name the receptors it contains

Answer 13

Skin

Contain TOUCH receptors, PRESSURE receptors, PAIN receptors, and TEMPERATURE receptors

Question 14

What are sensory, relay, and motor neurones?

Answer 14

Nerve cells

Question 15

What do sensory neurones do?

Answer 15

Carry signals as electrical impulses from the receptors in the sense organs to the central nervous system

Question 16

Sensory neurones carry electrical impluses from what to where?

Answer 16

RECEPTOR — SENSORY neurone –> Central Nervous System

Question 17

Relay neurones carry electrical impulses from where to where?

Answer 17

From the sensory neurones to the motor neurones

SENSORY neurones — RELAY neurones –> MOTOR neurones

Question 18

Motor neurones carry electrical impulses from where to where?

Answer 18

From the relay neurones to the effector muscles or glands

RELAY neurones — MOTOR neurones –> EFFECTOR

Question 19

What 2 types of effector are there?

Answer 19

1. Muscle
2. Gland

Question 20

Muscles ____ in response to a ____ ____

Answer 20

Muscles conract in response to a nervous imuplse

Question 21

Glands ____ ____ in response to a ____ ____

Answer 21

Glands secrete hormones in response to a nervous impulse

Question 22

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 22

Where all the information from the sense organs is sent, and where reflexes and actions are coordinated

Question 23

Which two things does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 23

1. The brain
2. The spinal chord

ONLY

Question 24

Neurones transmit the information (as ____ ____) ____ ____ to and from the CNS

Answer 24

Neurones transmit the information (as electrical impulses) very quickly to and from the CNS

Question 25

Instructions are sent from the CNS to the ____, which ____ ____

Answer 25

Instructions are sent from the CNS to the effectors, which respond accordingly