Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Question 1

What kind of cells does sexual reproduction produce?

Answer 1

Genetically different cells

Question 2

Define ‘sexual reproduction’

Answer 2

Where genetic information from two organisms (a father and a mother) is combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to both parents

Question 3

In animals, what kind of cells are used in sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Gametes

Egg = mother

Sperm = father

Question 4

In humans, how many chromosomes does each gamete contain?

Why is this significant?

Answer 4

23 chromosomes

This is half the number of chromosomes in a normal cell

Question 5

Instead of having two of each chromosome, a gamete has how many of each?

Answer 5

Just one

Question 6

What happens in sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

1. The sperm and egg fuse together (fertilisation)
2. They form a cell with the full number of chromosomes (half from the mother, half from the father)

Question 7

Sexual reproduction involves what?

Answer 7

The fusion of male and female gametes

Question 8

In sexual reproduction, what happens as a result of there being two parents?

Answer 8

The offspring will contain a mixture of their parents’ genes

Question 9

Why does the offspring inherit features from both parents?

Answer 9

Because it’s received a mixture of genes from its mother and father’s gametes

Question 10

What does the mixture of genetic material passed onto the offspring in sexual reproduction create?

Answer 10

Variation in the offspring

Question 11

What kind of cells does asexual reproduction produce?

Answer 11

Cells that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 12

How can an rodinary cell make a new cell?

Answer 12

Simply by dividing in two

Question 13

Describe the genetics in a cell that was produced by a cell splitting in two, compared to the original cell

Answer 13

The new cell has exactly the same genetic information (i.e. genes) as the parent cell

Question 14

How many parents are there in asexual reproduction?

Answer 14

One

Question 15

How does asexual reproduction differ to sexual reproduction?

(3)

Answer 15

1. No fusion of gametes
2. No mixing of chromosomes
3. No genetic variation

Question 16

Describe the 3 steps to asexual reproduction

Answer 16

1. Each X shaped chromosome splits to form two identical sets, known as ‘half-chromosomes’
2. A membrane forms around each half-chromosome
3. The DNA replicates itself to form two identical cells with complete sets of X-shaped chromosomes

Question 17

Name the two instances when organisms use asexual reproduction?

Answer 17

1. How all plants and animals grow and produce replacement cells
2. How some organisms produce offspring e.g bacteria and certain plants

Question 18

What is the name of an organism which has exactly the same genetic information as its parent?

Answer 18

A clone

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