The Nervous System

Question 1

What is the nervous system consisted of and what is it responsible for?

Answer 1

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and is responsible for controlling the voluntary and involuntary actions of the body and mind.

Question 2

What is the autonomic nervous system and what is it divided into?

Answer 2

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system responsible for involuntary functions and movement (cardiac function, breathing, digestion)

The (ANS) is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Sympathetic nervous system: autonomic system responsible for “fight or flight”.

Parasympathetic nervous sysyem: autonomic system responsible for “rest and digest”.

Question 3

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 3

The part of the nervous system in charge of controlling voluntary movement. (Exercise, chewing, waving)

Question 4

What are afferent neurons?

Answer 4

Sensory neurons sending info from a stimulus to the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 5

What are efferent neurons?

Answer 5

Motor neurons sending info from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement.

Question 6

What are spinal nerves and how many are there?

Answer 6

Bundles of nerves connected to the spinal cord carrying information toward the periphary.

Cervical spine - 8 pairs
Thoratic spine - 12 pairs
Lumbar spine - 5 pairs
Sacral spine - 5 pairs
Coccyx - 1 pair

Question 7

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 7

The 12 sensory and motor nerves extending directly from the brain.

Question 8

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 8

The nerves & ganglia (relay areas for nerve signals) outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Its primary purpose is to connect the CNS to the rest of the body via the extensive network of nerves that serve the limbs and organs of the body.

Question 9

What is the spinal cord?

Answer 9

The neural tissue extending fr the medulla oblangata to the lumbar region (lower back) of the verterbral column.

Question 10

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

The region at the base of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Homeostasis: a self-regulating process by which the bodyqintains tue stability of its physiological processes for the putpose of optimal function. (pH, internal temperature, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, constant body temperature.)

Question 11

What is the occipital lobe and the visual cortex?

Answer 11

The posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision.

Visual cortex: the specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception.

Question 12

What is the temporal lobe?

Answer 12

Lateral lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, memory, and emotion.

Question 13

What is the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 13

The region of the parietal lobe responsible for processing sensations like pain, temperature, and touch.

Question 14

What is the parietal lobe?

Answer 14

The brain lobe involved in processing sensory information.

Question 15

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 15

The brain lobe involved in motor control, emotion, and language.

Motor cortex: plans and coordination of movement.

Prefrontal cortex: responsible for problem solving, impulsivity, attention, and language.

Question 16

What is the thalamus?

Answer 16

The brain region responsible for relaying sensory amd motor signals amd regulating consciousness.

Question 17

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 17

The base of the brain stem responsible for involuntary functions like swallowing, sneezing, and heart function.

Question 18

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 18

The region of the brain responsible for conscious motor coordination.

Question 19

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 19

The uppermost and largest part of the brain consisting of a left and right hemisphere, responsible for receiving and processinf sensory information and controlling the body.

Question 20

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 20

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 21

What are interneurons?

Answer 21

Nerve cells that connect neurons to other neurons.

Question 22

What are motor neurons?

Answer 22

Nerve cells that initiate muscle contraction or activate glands.

Question 23

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 23

Nerve cells involved in communicating tactile, auditory, or visual information.

Question 24

What is nervous tissue and how many types are there?

Answer 24

Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that coordinates body activities.

There are 3 types:
Neurons: theost fundamental component of the brain and nervous system capable of transmitting info to and from other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Neuroglia: cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure foe the neurons and provide them with insulation.

Neurosecretory tissues: neurons that translate neural signals into chemical stimuli.

Question 25

What is a motor unit?

Answer 25

A single motor neuron amd the muscle fibers it controls.

Question 26

What is the All-Or-None principle?

Answer 26

The principle stating the strength of a neural electrical signal is independent of the magnitude of the stimulus so long as the neural threshold is achieved.