Energy Systems Flashcards
What are macronutrients?
A type of food necessary in large quantities in the diet to support function and energy production (carbohudrates, protein, fat.)
What are fatty acids?
The smaller absorbable building blocks of the fat that is found in body.
What is glycosis?
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
What is glycogen?
The stored form of glucose found in muscle tissue and the liver.
What is mitochondria?
Known as the powerhouse of the cell. An organelle with a double membrane andany folds inside responsible for generating the chemical energy needed for biochemical reactions.
What are carbohydrates?
One of the main sources of energy for the body and are broken down into glucose or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for future use. Whatever is not used or stored as glycogen gets concerted to triglycerides (3 fatty acids combined with glycerol) and stored as fat.
What is respiratory quotient (RQ)?
Is a calculation that estimates which macronutrientis predominantly being used for fuel at a point in time.
RQ = volume CO2 exhaled / volume of O2 inhaled.
Carb 1.0
Fat .7
Protein .8
What is adenosine triphosphate (ADT)?
An energy carrying molecule used to fuel body processes.
What are energy pathways?
The chemical reaction pathways that supply the body with energy on a cellular level.
What are the three energy pathways?
- ATP/creatine phosphate system (ATP/CP)
- anaerobic glycosis
- oxidative
What is the ATP/CP Energy pathway?
The anaerobic energy system that provides rapid energy using creatine phosphate to generate ATP.
What is anaerobic glycosis energy system?
The anaerobic energy system converting glucose to lactate when oxygen is limited.
What is lactic acid?
The chemical byproduct of anaerobic glycosis.
What is the aerobic energy pathway?
Cellular energy pathways that require oxygen oxygen for energy production.
What is the aerobic energy pathway?
The breakdown of glucose to ATP in the presence of oxygen.
What is the oxidative energy pathway?
An aerobic energy pathway using primarily fat and carbohydrate to produce energy.
Whay is gluconeogenesis?
Is the process by which muscle protein is broken down or catabolized.
What is the Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)?
The accumulated calorie burn made up of resting metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, physical activity, and physical growth.
What is the Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
The energy expenditure of metabolic and physical processes when the body is at rest.
* It consumes 70% of the body’s (TDEE)
(Cardiac function and respiration, repair internal organs, maintain body temperature, and balance water and ioj concentrations.)
What is Daily Coloric Expenditure (DCE)?
The total number of calories an individual expends including their resting metabolic rate, activity level factor, and the thermic effect of food.
Male: DCE= ALF x [(13.75 x wkg) + (5 x HC) - ( 6.76 x age) + 66]
What is somatotype?
Catergories of physical body type
Name and describe the three somatotypes ?
Ectomorph, endomorph, mesomporph.
Ectomorph: long, lean with little bodt fat and little muscle mass, narrow shoulders and hips. May need higher carbs and protein diet to maintain body weight amd muscle mass.
Endomorph: thicker, rounder build with lots of bodyfat amd lots of muscle mass; large upper arms and thighs. May meed diet low in carbs, high protein.
Mesomorph: athletic, muscular build with broad shoulders amd a healrhy body weiggt. May need a more balanced diet that is focused on a daily calorie expenditure for energy balance.
What is aerobic exercise and what are the benefits of aerobic exercise?
Aerobic means with oxygen.
Aerobic exercise helps keep the heart, blood vessels, and lungs healthy.
Aerobic exercise primarily burns fat and carbs.
Benefits:
- reduces fatigue
- improves energy levels
- reduces depression
- reduces stress and anxiety
- improves sleep
- improves mental acuity
Examples: walking, light jog, stairs,
What is anaerobic exercise amd what are the benefits?
Anaerobic exercise is without oxygen.
