The Nervous System Flashcards
what are the two types of cells in the nervous system
neurons and neuroglia
what is a neuron
nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cell
how do neurons communicate with other cells
via specialized connections called synapses
what is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals
neurons
what is gilia
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses.
what is gilia also called
glial cells or neuroglia
what is the purpose of gilia
to maintain homeostasis for nervous tissues so that they can function normally
what are the two parts of the nervous system
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
what makes up the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
what brings information to the CNS
afferent neurons
what sends information from the CNS
efferent neurons
what is the cell body of a neuron
main part of cell where organelles and nuclei reside
what is the dendrite of a neuron
many short extensions that carry impulses to a cell body
what is an axon
single long extension that carries impulses away from the cell body
what is a ganglion
a cluster of nerve cells
where are ganglions found
within the peripheral nervous system
what is a nucleus of a neuron
cluster of nerve cell bodies
where is a nucleus found
within the central nervous system
what is commonly referred to as a cluster of axons
nerve or nerve fiber
what is a myelin sheath
A lipid covering on long axons
what is the purpose of myelin sheath
to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction, insulation, and regeneration
what type of cell are Schwann Cells
neuroglia
what are Schwann cells
the cells that make up myelin sheath in the PNS
what are oligodendrocytes
the cells that make up the myelin sheath in the CNS