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Anatomomy And Physiology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CN consist of?

A

Brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

what consists of the PNS?

A

everything outside of the CNS

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3
Q

what is the main function of the CNS?

A

information processing

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4
Q

what are the main functions of the PNS?

A

sensory Afferent

motor Efferent

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5
Q

what are the two divergents of Efferent division?

A

somatic NS

autonomic NS

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6
Q

what does the SNS do?

A

vulentary NS

consciously control movement

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7
Q

what does the ANS do?

A

involuntary NS

automatically regulates activities

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8
Q

how can the autonomic NS be further devided?

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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9
Q

what does the somatic NS control?

A

skelital muscle

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10
Q

What are the dendrites and where can they be found?

A

the branches out of the soma or body of the neuron

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11
Q

what is the axon?

A

it is the long branch extending from the other side of the soma

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12
Q

in order, what are the devisions of the axon?

A

axon hillock
initial segment
axolemma
axoplasm

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13
Q

what does the axon hillock do?

A

origin of the axon from the soma

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14
Q

what is the function of the initial segment of the axon?

A

it is where the action potential is initiated

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15
Q

what is the axolemma?

A

it is the specialised portion of the plasma membrane surrounds cytoplasm of the axon

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16
Q

what is in the axoplasm?

A 
neurofibrils
neurotubules
small vesicles
lysosomes
mitochondria
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17
Q

what is the in cytoskeleton of the soma?

A

neurofilament

neurofibrils

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18
Q

what are neurofibrils?

A

bubbles of neurofilament used to support structure of the dentrite and the axon

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19
Q

what are the extensions off of the axon called?

A

telodendria

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20
Q

what is the names of the ends of the telodendria?

A

axon terminals or synaptic terminals

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21
Q

what is the latin name of the cell body of a neuron?

A

soma

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22
Q

what is a synaps?

A

specialised size where the neuron communicates with another cell

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23
Q

what are the two main structures involved with a synapse?

A

presynaptic cell

postsynaptic cell

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24
Q

where are the neurotransmitters released?

A

presynaptic neuron

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25
Q

what is the synaptic cleft/

A

space in between two neurons

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26
Q

where are neurotransmitters synthesised?

A

the cell body

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27
Q

what happens to broken down neurotransmitters?

A

reobsorbed

reassemble broken fragments

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28
Q

where can neurotransmitters be broken down?

A

synaptic cleft

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29
Q

what is found on the postsynaptic membrane?

A

neuronal receptors

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30
Q

how are neurotransmitters packaged?

A

through synaptic vesicles within the axon terminal

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31
Q

what are the 4 variations of neurons?

A

anna sonic neurons
unipolar neurons
bipolar neurons
multipolar neurons

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32
Q

what are the features of the anatomical neuron?

A

lacks distinguishable features of what are dendrties and what are axons

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33
Q

where is an annex neuron mainly located?

A

the brain

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34
Q

what are the features of the bipolar neuron?

A

two processes one with dendrite no one with just an axon

35
Q

what are the charicteristics of the unipolar neuron?

A

axon and dendrites is continuous

cell body lays off to one side

36
Q

what is the most common neuron for the peripheral NS?

A

unipolar neuron

37
Q

what are the charicteristics of the multipolar neurons?

A

two or more dendrites

single axon

38
Q

what aria is the multipolar neuron used for?

A

CNS

skelital muscle

39
Q

What are oligerdendroctyes?

A

structural framework around the axons

40
Q

where are oligerdendrocytes found?

A

in the CNS

41
Q

what do oligerdendrocytes produce?

A

myelin

42
Q

what do the myelin sheaths do?

A

wrap around the axon

increase transmition speed through the axon

43
Q

what kind of cell is the epindymal cell?

A

simple cuboidal and can be a columnar epithelium

44
Q

where do the epindymal cell line?

A

fluid filled passage ways in the spinal cord which stop near the center ceneral canal ans in the brain called the ventricles

45
Q

what fluid can be found in the ventricals and the centeral canal of the spinal cord?

A

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

46
Q

what are microglia related to?

A

monocytes and macrophages

47
Q

what do microglia do? and where do they move?

A

remove cellular debris, waste and pathogens

48
Q

how do microglial cells remove waste?

A

through phagocytosis

49
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

maintain the blood brain barrier

50
Q

what are the spaced between the myelin sheaths called?

A

nodes or node of ranvier

51
Q

how many axons do oligerdendrocytes cover with their mylination?

A

multipule (they are hoes)

52
Q

where do schwann cells place themsleves?

A

on the PNS axons

53
Q

how many axons can schwann cells mylenate?

A

one

54
Q

what does a satellite cell do? and where is it found?

A

regulate environment around the neurons= equivalent of CNS astrocytes
surround the neuron cell body

55
Q

what is the name of the name of an undesturbed neuronal cell?

A

resting membrane potential

56
Q

what is graded potential?

A

localised change in resting membrane potential

57
Q

what happens if the graded potential is large enough?

A

becomes an action potential

58
Q

what does the synaptic activity include?

A

release of neurotransmitters

59
Q

what is the resting rate of a neuron membrane?

A

-70 mv

60
Q

how do potassium ions diffuses?

A

through potassium leak channels

61
Q

-70 mv is called…

A

polarisation

62
Q

what is the name of the rate -55mv

A

action potential threshold

63
Q

what is the name of the rate at +40 mv?

A

depolerisation

64
Q

when the action potential comes down what is that called?

A

repolarisation

65
Q

when the voltage goes below resting rate of -70mv, what is this called?

A

hyperpolerisation

66
Q

where is the pia mater found?

A

firmly bound to the underlying neural tissue closest to the spinal cord

67
Q

what is the pia mater made out of ?

A

mesh work elastic and collagen fibres

68
Q

where is the arachnoid mater found?

A

middle of menengeal layer

69
Q

what is the arachnoid mater made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium

70
Q

what are the three menegeal layers of the spinal cord?

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

71
Q

where is the dura mater found?

A

the outmost layer

72
Q

what is the dura mater made of?

A

dense collagen fibres

73
Q

what is the subarachnoid space?

A

space of mesh work between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater

74
Q

what fluid is found within the subarachnoid space? why is this the case?

A

CSF

used as a shock absorber

75
Q

what are the two main pertrusions form the spinal cord called? and where are the found?

A

the anterior root anterior of the spinal cord

the posterior root posterior of the spinal cord

76
Q

what is the size difference between the posterior gray horn and the anterior gray hormone?

A

the anterior gray horn is larger

77
Q

what is found in the posterior grey horn?

A

somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

78
Q

what is found on the anterior gray horn?

A

somatic motor nuclei

79
Q

where is the epineurium found?

A

outmost covering

80
Q

what is the epineurium made of?

A

dense network of collagen fibres

81
Q

where is the perinerium found?

A

middle layer and surround bundles of axons

82
Q

what are bundles of axons called?

A

fascles

83
Q

where can you find the endoneurium found?

A

inner most layer, surrounding indervidual axons

84
Q

what is the endonerium made of?

A

delicate connective tissues

Anatomomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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