Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomomy And Physiology > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

how do endocrine communications work?

A

through the blood stream

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are target cells for the endocrine system?

A

in other distant tissues and organs

they must have the appropriate receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the derivatives of hormones?

A

amino acid derivatives
peptide hormones
lipid derivatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the derivatives in amino acid?

A

thyroid hormones
chetacholamines
tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the derivatives of lipid?

A

Eicosanoids

steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what releases steroid hormones?

A

reproductive organs: androgens in testes estrogen and progesterone in overies
cortex of the adrenal glands: corticosteroids
kidneys: calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do steroid hormones bind to? how long do they circulate?

A

specific transport proteins in the blood

remain in blood circulation longer than peptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a pro-hormone? which category of derivatives does it fit into?

A

inactive precursor molecule converted to active hormones

peptide hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the kinds of hormone ranges within peptides?

A

short polypeptide chains of amino acids

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an example of short poipeptide chains of amino acids?

A

ADH

OXT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an example proteins within the peptide hormones?

A

insulin
growth hormone
prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are examples of Glycoproteins? and what gland?

A

TSH
LH
FSH
Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what a re the charicteristics of Glycoproteins?

A

polypeptides that have a carbohydrate side chain

also function as hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the hypothalamus do? secreates hormones involved with…

A

secreates homrones…
fluid balance
smooth muscle contractions
control hormone secreations from the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the secreations from the pituitary gland do?

A

regulate endocrine activities of…
adrenal cortex
thyroid gland
reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the secreations of the thyroid gland do?

A

affect metabolic rate

calcium ions in bodily fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do the secreations of the adrenal gland do?

A

mineral balance
metabolic control
resistance to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is secreated by the adrenal gland?

A

epinephrine/ norepinephrine
cortisol
during sypathetic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the homrones of the pancreas do?

A

regulating rate of glucose uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland secreate?

A

melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the hormone from the parathyroid do?

A

regulate calcium ion levels in body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

if a lipid/ steroid hormone is trying to pass the membrane, how will it pass through?

A

fatty- lipid soluble- intracellular receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

if there is the amino acid or peptide hormone how can it get through to a receptor of a cell?

A

water soluble- connects to a receptor on the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what hypothelamitc neurons go into which pituitary gland?

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the two homrones secreated through the hypothelamic neurons of the posterior pituitary gland?

A

OXT

ADH

26
Q

what kind of hormones are used in the anterior pituitary gland?

A

regulatory hormones

27
Q

what specific glands are associated with the anterior pituitary gland?

A

thyroid gland
adrenal gland
reproductive organs

28
Q

what gland and section of the gland is directly effected from the hypothalamus?

A

the adrenal gland- adrenal medulla

29
Q

what does the hypothalomatic hyperphisial portal system do?

A

transports nuronal and endocrine signals through the portal system to the pituitary gland

30
Q

What hormones are secreated by the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid stimulating homrone TSH

thyrotropin releasing hormone TRH

31
Q

what homrones are released by the Adrenal gland?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

corticotropin releasing hormone CRH

32
Q

ACTH stimulates release of…

A

steroid hormones

by the adrenal cortex

33
Q

what is the target cells for ACTH?

A

glucose metabolism

34
Q

what do the growth homrones promote?

A

accelerated growth of the skeletal muscle cells and the condocytes

35
Q

what hormones are secreated from the GH?

A

Growth hormones -releasing hormone: GH-RH

growth hormone- inhibiting hormone: GH-IH

36
Q

what is the function of ADH?

A

increases blood solute in concentration

decrease blood volume and blood pressure

37
Q

where is the thyroid gland found?

A

the neck

38
Q

when the thyroid is disable through the skin….

A

something is wrong

39
Q

what is the connecting section between the two lobes of the thyroid called?

A

the isthmus

40
Q

what are the physical charicteristics of the cellular level of the the thyroid gland?

A

thyroid follicles

41
Q

what kind of cells are lining the thyroid follicules?

A

simple cuboidal epethilium

42
Q

what do the follicle cells synthesise?

A

globular protein called thyroglobulin

43
Q

what molecules do thyroglobulin contain?

A

amino acid tyrosine building blocks of the thyroid hormones

44
Q

how are iodid ions absorbed?

A

through the diet

45
Q

how is iodid ions delivered?

A

through the blood stream

46
Q

where are TSH carrier proteins found

A

in the basement membrane of the follicle cell

47
Q

what do the TSH carrier proteins in the basement membrane of the follicle do?

A

they transport iodid ions into the cytoplasm

48
Q

where do iodide ions diffuse?

A

the apical surface of the follicle cell

49
Q

what happens to to the iodid molecule at the apical surface of the follicle cell?

A

it losses an electron and becomes a iodine atom

by the enzyme thyroid oxadase

50
Q

the reaction thyroid oxidase includes the addition of…

A

two iodine atoms to the tyrosine portions of the thyroglobulin molecule within the follicule cavity

51
Q

when tyrosine molecules become attached with iodine atoms the become the forming molecules of the…

A

thyroid hormone

52
Q

where do the beginnings of the thyroid homrone stay?

A

in the thyroglobulin

53
Q

what are the two thyroid hormones? why are they named like this?

A

T3= continues 3 iodide ions

T4 =contains 4 iodide ions

54
Q

what does the follical do by the end of endocytosis?

A

removes the thyroglobulin

55
Q

what breaks down thyroglobulin?

A

lysosomal enzymes

56
Q

when the thyroglobulin breaks down what happens?

A

there is a release of amino acids and thyroid hormones into the cytoplasm

57
Q

what happens to the excess amino acids for further production of…

A

excess amino acids are recycled and used to synethsis more thyroglobulin

58
Q

what happens at the end of production of T3 and T4?

A

it diffuses through the basement membrane into the blood stream

59
Q

what is 90% of the thyroid secreations?

A

T3 T4

60
Q

what has higher secreations T3 or T4?

A

T4

61
Q

what has higher metabolic rate T3 or T4?

A

T3 also released at slower rate

Anatomomy And Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions