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Anatomy & Physiology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the nervous system?

A
  1. Monitor the internal and external environment
  2. Process this information
  3. Direct behaviour and body processes
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2
Q

What are the three sensory neurons involved in the NS?

A
  1. The sensory neuron
  2. Interneuron
  3. Motor neuron
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3
Q

What are action potentials?

A

Waves of electrical excitation that travels down an axon of a neuron

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4
Q

What are the components of a typical neuron?

A 
Cell body 
Dendrites 
Axon hillock
Axon 
Terminal branches
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5
Q

What is the cell body?

A

Contains the nucleus which is involved in producing peptides and proteins

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6
Q

What are dendrites?

A

The main information input.

Hundreds of dendrites will be receiving input from another cell

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7
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

Where an action potential may be generated.

They may be negative or positive inputs which are summed together and if they reach the threshold then they will trigger the development of an action potential

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8
Q

What is an axon?

A

Action potentials that have been generated travel down the axon.

The axon is a long cellular extension, the conducting part of the cell

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9
Q

What are the terminal branches?

A

Makes synaptic connections with the next neuron in the ‘network’ passing all the information.

Can have thousands of terminal branches. Secretes neurotransmitters which can be inhibitory or excitatory.

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10
Q

What are the functions of neurons?

A
  1. Control local concentrations of neurotransmitters
  2. Supply nutrients
  3. Support neuronal development
  4. Stabilise neuronal networks
  5. Improve communication speeds
  6. Provide immunological defence
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11
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

Somatic nervous system (voluntary system)

Autonomic nervous system (primarily involuntary system)

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12
Q

What are the functional divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

What is the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Functions to produced localised adjustments such as sweating as a response to an increase in temperature.

Works on reflect adjustments of the cardiovascular system.

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14
Q

What is the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Functions to conserve the body’s natural activity and relaxed the individual once an emergency has passed

Leads to decreased arousal or the fight or flight response

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15
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Ventricles are essentially spaces in the brain.

We have 2 lateral ventricles in the brain, containing the choroid plexus which produces the cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

What is the role of the cerebrospinal fluid?

A
  1. Protective medium for the brain ‘floatation’
  2. Protective cushioning
  3. Removal of metabolites
  4. Provides stable ionic environment
17
Q

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

A

Receiving sensory information

i.e. Touch, pain, temperature, sensation

18
Q

What is the frontal lobe associated with?

A

Part of motor control of the body.

Planning, motion, mood, behaviour, smell

19
Q

What is the occipital lobe associated with?

A

Back of the brain, associated with the visual system

i.e. Vision

20
Q

What is the precentral gyrus associated with?

A

associated with the primary motor cortex

21
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus associated with?

A

Is known as the somatosensory cortex, receiving sensory information from the PNS

22
Q

What sulcus divides the main lobes of the brain?

A

The lateral sulcus

23
Q

What is the temporal lobe associated with?

A

Hearing, language and memory

24
Q

What is the cerebellum associated with?

A

Balance and coordination

25
Q

Where is the insula?

A

Hidden behind other major lobes (i.e. the temporal lobe)

26
Q

What are the functions of the insula?

A
  1. conscious awareness
  2. gustation
  3. cognitive emotional processing
  4. audio-visual integration
  5. interoception
  6. homeostatic error detection
27
Q

What are the brainstem functions?

A
  1. Consists of medulla, pons and midbrain
  2. Contains ascending and descending nerve tracts
  3. Origin of cranial nerves
  4. Contains reticular formations
28
Q

What are the cerebellum functions?

A
  1. control of balance
  2. influences posture and muscle tone
  3. Coordination of movement
  4. ‘motor learning’
29
Q

What are the 2 main arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A

Internal carotid artery

Vertebral artery

30
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

Located at the base of the brain, provides an alternative route for blood flow

Not everyone has a fully formed circle of willis

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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