The Nervous System 1

Question 1

The PNS is

Answer 1

Nerves that connect up within the CNS and down the spinal cord to the extremities and muscles of the body

Question 2

What are axons?

Answer 2

Nerve fibres

Question 3

What do dendrites do?

Answer 3

Recieve information

Question 4

What do axons do?

Answer 4

They send information

Question 5

Bundles of axons in the CNS is referred to as

Answer 5

Tract

Question 6

Bundles of axons in PNS is referred to as

Answer 6

Nerve

Question 7

Neuron is composed of

Answer 7

Cell body
Dendrite
Axon

Question 8

Cerebrum is split into

Answer 8

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

The cerebrum is connected by the

Answer 9

Corpus callosum

Question 10

The corpus callosum is

Answer 10

White mater/ fibres

Question 11

The surface of the cerebrum is referred to as the

Answer 11

Cortex- all the lumps and bumps, very thin layer around the edges of the hemispheres

Question 12

The cerebrum is divided up by

Answer 12

Longitudinal fissure- the two hemispheres are split by this

Question 13

The gyri are the

Answer 13

Bumpy, elevated parts on the surface of the brain

Question 14

The crumpled/lumpy jelly-like (“blancmange”) gray mater weighs?

Answer 14

3 pounds- lot of tissue squeezed into small area

Question 15

3-4 months of development

Answer 15

Surface of brain folds up

Question 16

The gray mater is all

Answer 16

The lumps and bumps we can see on the cerebrum

Question 17

White mater is the

Answer 17

Nerve fibres -sends information down to top part of brain stem

Question 18

The frontal lobe is

Answer 18

Anterior to central fissure/sulcus

Question 19

Within the frontal lobe is areas which control

Answer 19

Motor control

And voluntary motor control such as speech and eye movements

Question 20

Frontal lobe executes functioning

Answer 20

Plan, analyse, reflect

Question 21

Primary motor cortex is within the

Answer 21

Frontal lobe

Question 22

The motor cortex is

Answer 22

One of the most important areas

Question 23

There are other areas that deal with movement aside from

Answer 23

Primary motor cortex

Question 24

The gray mater is all

Answer 24

The lumps and bumps we can see on the cerebrum

Question 25

White mater is the

Answer 25

Nerve fibres -sends information down to top part of brain stem

Question 26

The frontal lobe is

Answer 26

Anterior to central fissure/sulcus

Question 27

Within the frontal lobe is areas which control

Answer 27

Motor control | And voluntary motor control such as speech and eye movements

Question 28

Frontal lobe executes functioning

Answer 28

Plan, analyse, reflect

Question 29

Primary motor cortex is within the

Answer 29

Frontal lobe

Question 30

The motor cortex is

Answer 30

One of the most important areas

Question 31

There are other areas that deal with movement aside from

Answer 31

Primary motor cortex

Question 32

Hemispheres control

Answer 32

Opposite sides of the body

Question 33

Lower part of motor cortex is for

Answer 33

Speech and controls larynx,tongue and lips,face at lower end of PNS

Question 34

The lower end of the primary motor cortex is

Answer 34

Immediately adjacent to brocade area

Question 35

Lesion in Broca's area results in

Answer 35

Problems with speech production- movement of articulators

Question 36

Broca's area is general area for

Answer 36

Speech production and comprehension- it works out what motor planning is required for speech production and direct information to the motor cortex to let it know what is needed to produce speech

Question 37

Primary motor cortex

Answer 37

Performs movement

Question 38

Broca's area

Answer 38

Inferior frontal gyrus | Pre motor cortex

Question 39

Primary motor cortex has

Answer 39

Central role in planning and organisation of motor behaviour required for speech production

Question 40

Prefrontal cortex executive function is

Answer 40

Personality

Question 41

Brain-injury patients may have personality changes due to

Answer 41

Damage (see also dementia)

Question 42

In dementia, cells

Answer 42

Die away and in the area where they die- it will affect functions of these areas

Question 43

Parietal lobe is posterior to

Answer 43

Central fissure/sulcus, lower border at Sylvian fissure

Question 44

Parietal lobe received

Answer 44

Sensory information from body-speech, eye movement

Question 45

Parietal bone is involved in touch as well

Answer 45

And visuospatial processing occurs in this area

Question 46

Within the parietal lobe, the primary sensory cortex responds

Answer 46

To touch and pain stimuli

Question 47

Within the parietal bone, posterior parietal cortex processed

Answer 47

Different stimuli to help plan motor acts

Question 48

Within the parietal lobe, the angular gyrus sits at

Answer 48

Junction of parietal,occipital and temporal lobes

Question 49

Lesions are

Answer 49

High order language processing (e.g metaphor)

Question 50

Within the parietal lobe, the supramarginal gyrus is involved in

Answer 50

Word meaning, ability to connect word meanings with action patterns (e.g show me how to whistle)

Question 51

The temporal lobe is

Answer 51

Low side of hemisphere. Upper border to frontal/parietal at Sylvian fissure

Question 52

Lower lobe is closest to

Answer 52

The ear

Question 53

There is three major gyri of the temporal lobe

Answer 53

Superior Inferior Medial

Question 54

Main functions of temporal lobe are

Answer 54

Perception and comprehension of speech and language and formation of long term memory

Question 55

The primary auditory cortex is the

Answer 55

First cortical location for processing auditory signals and receives basic signals and analyses

Question 56

The auditory association area receives

Answer 56

Basic analysis and performs higher level analysis

Question 57

Pre motor cortex:

Answer 57

Speech and language perception and understanding First place when information from the ear goes to the primary auditory cortex Plays a fairly important part for speech and language perception and understanding

Question 58

Wernickes area is involved with

Answer 58

Speech and language comprehension but also primary auditory cortex (speech sounds) Other areas of temporal,parietal , frontal (complex meaning)

Question 59

Occipital bone is

Answer 59

Posterior parts of hemispheres. It is the smallest lobe and is primary visual cortex

Question 60

Occipital lobe

Answer 60

Processes visual information as it contains the primary visual cortex

Question 61

Insula is the

Answer 61

Cortex/lobe underneath Sylvian fissure

Question 62

Insula is involved in

Answer 62

Speech and language and swallowing- coordinate high level of speech and language production

Question 63

The Limboc system is structures within

Answer 63

Cerebrum involved with emotions, motivations, memory and adaptive functions

Question 64

The Limbic system is composed of

Answer 64

Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Basal ganglia

Question 65

Cerebral connections include

Answer 65

Projection tracts and association tracts

Question 66

Projection tracts are

Answer 66

Corticobulbar | Corticospinal and has long axons and cortex to brainstem/ spinal cord

Question 67

Association tracts are

Answer 67

Arcuate fasciculus and is interhemispheric (within and between lobes)

Question 68

The arcuate fasciculus connects speech and language cortical areas in

Answer 68

Frontal, temporal and parietal bones

Question 69

Wernickes to angular gyri

Answer 69

To supra-marginal gyri to Broca's

Question 70

The corticobulbar tract: bulbar=brainstem | Fibres originate in cortex (cell bodies) and end in brainstem

Answer 70

Fibres for control of facial, jaw, tongue, velopharyngeal and laryngeal muscles connect with lower motor neurons

Question 71

Cortex down to midbrain

Answer 71

To pons to medulla

Question 72

Corticospinal tract: fibres originate in cortex (cell bodies)

Answer 72

And end in spinal cord. (Lower motor neurons) | Cortex to midbrain to pons to medulla to spinal cord