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Specialised Anatomy SLP > The Larynx > Flashcards

The Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal framework composed of?

A 
Bone
Cartilage
Ligament
Tendon
 It is a flexible, though there are age related changes
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2
Q

What does the larynx consist of?

A

Cartilages, connected by complex joints, enabled by muscular forces

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3
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage?

A

2 plates fused together at front (angle of thyroid) back= 2 long horns upward, 2 small horns downward

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4
Q

At the back of the thyroid cartilage what are the two long horns that point upward coupled to?

A

The hyoid bone

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5
Q

What do the 2 small horns that point downward at the back of the thyroid cartilage connect to?

A

The cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

Your trachea is as long and big as?

A

Your middle finger

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7
Q

Your wide open glottis is about the size of what?

A

A dime

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8
Q

Your approximated vocal folds have a surface area about the size of what?

A

Your thumbnail (well trimmed)

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9
Q

The vocal folds are about as thick as what?

A

Wooden matchsticks

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10
Q

Describe the cricoid cartilage

A

Circular structure with signet at back. Connects with thyroid

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11
Q

Describe Arytenoid cartilages

A

Triangular structures connect with cricoid. Vocal process connect with vocal folds

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12
Q

Name the two laryngeal joints

A

Cricothyroid joints and cricoarytenoid joints

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13
Q

What are cricothyroid joints composed of?

A

Cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

Three ligaments surround the cricothyroid joints composed of?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
These are referred to as the ceratocricoid ligaments

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15
Q

What do the three ligaments that make up the ceratocricoid ligaments allow?

A

Rotation and sliding

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16
Q

What is the cricoarytenoid joints composed of?

A

Cricoid cartilage and Arytenoid cartilage

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17
Q

What are the two ligaments that surround the cricoarytenoid joints?

A

Anterior and posterior cricoarytenoid

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18
Q

What do the anterior and posterior cricoarytenoid ligaments allow?

A

Rotation and sliding?

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19
Q

What are the vocal folds composed of?

A

Vocal ligament + mucous

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20
Q

What are the vestibular folds composed of?

A

Vestibular ligament + mucous

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21
Q

What are the two types of laryngeal muscles?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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22
Q

What are the five intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A 
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid 
Posterior cricoarytenoid 
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse arytenoids
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23
Q

What are the ten extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A 
Suprahyoid
Stylohyoid
DIGASTRIC
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
24
Q

Intrinsic muscles…

A

Have profound impact on movement of vocal folds

25
Q

The cricothyroid runs from where to where?

A

Runs from cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

26
Q

Thyroarytenoid and vocalis pass from where to where?

A

Passes from thyroid to vocal process ( of arytenoids)

27
Q

Posterior cricothyroid is positioned?

A

From back of cricoid to Arytenoid

28
Q

What do transverse arytenoids connect?

A

Two arytenoids

29
Q

What are the transverse arytenoids?

A

Thick triangular muscle covered whole back of arytenoids and adduct during vocal fold vibration

30
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

Cricoid to Arytenoid. Main function is to rotate the arytenoids, drawing vocal folds together

31
Q

What is the action of the vocalis muscle?

A

Increases thickness of vocal folds

32
Q

What is the action of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Lengthens and stretches vocal folds

33
Q

What is the action of the posterior cricothyroid?

A

Separated vocal folds

34
Q

What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Closes the glottis

35
Q

What is the action of the transverse Arytenoid?

A

Closes posterior glottis

36
Q

What is the action of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Shortens and relaxes vocal folds

37
Q

Discuss extrinsic muscles

A

Stabilise and support the larynx
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Inferior constrictor

38
Q

Where is the thyrohyoid situated?

A

On front and side of thyroid

Extends from thyroid to hyoid

39
Q

The extrinsic infrahyoid is made up of?

A

Omohyoid and sternohyoid

40
Q

The extrinsic suprahyoid is composed of?

A

Stylohyoid
DIGASTRIC
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

41
Q

How does the action of closing off the larynx (swallowing) came about?

A
  1. Palate raised to close nasal cavity

2. Vocal folds are closed

42
Q

How does the action of breathing occur?

A
  1. Quiet breathing-vocal folds are abducted

2. Forced breathing- vocal folds are abducted plus relaxation

43
Q

Four suprahyoid muscles are involved in what?

A

Electives as they are all involved in raising the larynx

44
Q

Describe swallowing

A

When swallowing the palate is closed, the larynx and pharynx are raised to hide larynx under tongue. The epiglottis is tipped backwards and the vocal folds are pulled together so that the glottis is narrowed.

45
Q

What can affect breathing?

A

Changing the diameter of the glottis

46
Q

What happens to the vocal folds during quiet (normal) breathing?

A

The vocal folds are slightly abducted due to sustained contraction of posterior cricoarytenoid.

47
Q

What happens to the vocal folds during forced breathing ( when exercising)?

A

The gap is wider to allow more air to travel through. This happens due to increased contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoids and relaxation of transverse arytenoids .

48
Q

What are the only muscles that can adduct vocal folds?

A

Posterior muscles- paralysis of this would have big impact

49
Q

Describe phonation

A
  1. narrowed glottis
  2. Pitch-(stretch),(relax)

Lateral-pulls arytenoids (moving vocal folds closer).
Pitch relates to tension in VFs increased tension created by cricothyroid

50
Q

As you get older what happens to the larynx?

A

Lowering of cricoid.
Cartilages ossify and calcify.
Arytenoid cartilage movements reduced.

51
Q

Biological sex differences in the thyroid and vocal folds

A

Thyroid- bigger in men

Vocal folds- longer and thicker in males

52
Q

The larynx is composed of?

A 
Bone
Cartilage
Ligament
Tendon
It is flexible and goes through age-related changes.
53
Q

Name 7 voice disorders

A 
Inflammation
Vocal misuse
Cancer
Vocal fold weakness
Vocal fold spasm
Laryngeal paralysis
Motor speech disorders( dysarthria, apraxia of speech)
54
Q

the laryngeal inlet refers to the point where

A

the pharynx opens into the larynx

55
Q

which muscle can rotate the arytenoids, separating vocal folds

A

the posterior cricoarytenoid

56
Q

which muscles are involved in adducting the vocal folds?

A

transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle and the lateral cricoarytenoid

57
Q

which structure has both vocal processes and muscular processes?

A

arytenoid cartilages

Specialised Anatomy SLP (12 decks)

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