The Neck - Horse and Ox Flashcards
Median Pectoral Groove (Sulcus)
Located in the midline, has the two Descending Pectorals on either side, deep to this groove is the Sternum
Lateral Pectoral Groove (Sulcus)
Between Descending Pectoral M and Cleidobrachialis M.
Name two blood vessels that run in the Lateral Pectoral Groove:
- Cephalic Vein
2. Deltoid branch of superficial cervical artery
Cephalic Vein
Runs along Lateral Pectoral Groove.
Carries blood from distal parts of the limb and drains into External Jugular V.
The Cephalic V is superficial at the distal part of the groove.
Deltoid branch of Superficial Cervical A
Runs along the Lateral Pectoral Groove. At the proximal part of the groove, the artery is superficial.
Superficial Cervical A is a branch of the……
Subclavian Artery
The Jugular Groove contains what vessel?
List its boundaries
Contains External Jugular V.
Dorsal boundary: Brachiocephalicus M, more specifically Cleidocephalicus M (in Horse more specifically Cleidomastoideus M)
Ventral boundary: Sternocephalicus (Sternomandubularis + Sternomastoideus in cow)
(Sternomandibularis in horse)
(Sternomastoideus + Sternooccipitalis in dog)
In the horse, Sternocephalicus M. consists of:
Only one part that attaches to the mandible, called Sternomandibularis M
In bovine, Sternocephalicus M. consists of:
Two parts, Sternomandubularis M. and Sternomastoideus M.
In the horse, the Brachiocephalicus M. consists of:
Cleidomastoideus M. and Cleidobrachialis M.
In the cow, the Brachiocephalicus M. consists of:
Cleidomastoideus M. and Cleidooccipitalis M. and Cleidobrachialis M.
How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there?
8 pairs for seven cervical vertebrae
List four main nerves of the neck:
- Cutaneous branches of spinal nerves
- Great auricular and transverse cervial nerves
- Cervical branch of the facial nerve
- Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
Cutaneous branches of spinal nerves
consist of dorsal and ventral parts; ventral branches of C6-8 contribute to the brachial plexus
Ventral cutaneous branch of C2
Divides into two sensory nerves: Great Auricular N and the Transverse Cervical N.
Great Auricular N.
sensory branch of the ventral cutaneous branch of C2, runs along the caudal edge of parotid gland.
Supplies sensation to the lateral parts of the auricle
Transverse Cervical N.
sensory branch of the ventral cutaneous branch of C2; runs ventrally over the throat; innervates cutaneous muscles on the head and neck
Cervical branch of the facial nerve:
Small nerve that is not seen in cattle. Passes and emerges through parotid gland, and innervates parotidooricularis M. that lies over the parotid gland
Runs along external jugular V. to innervate cutaneous colli M. (motor)
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Applies to both cattle and horses. Emerges from the jugular foramen. Dorsal branch innervates: Cleidocephalicus M. Omotransversarius M Trapezius M. Ventral branch innervates: Sternocephalicus (COTS)
The brachiocephalicus M. splits into:
Cleidocephalicus M.
Cleidobrachialius M.
Cleidocephalicus M. splits into what regarding the dog, ox, and horse:
- Cleidomastoideus muscle in all domestic mammals. It is the only part in horses and sheep.
- Cleidooccipitalis muscle only in ruminants and pigs.
- Cleidocervicalis M. only in the dog and cat
Cleidomastoideus M.: O, I, N, A
Origin: Clavicular intersection
Inserts: mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation: Dorsal branch of accessory nerve
Action: Protractor of limb; draws head ventrally or lateraly
Cleidooccipitalis M: O, I, N, A
Origin: Claivuclar intersection
Inserts: Occipital bone
Innervation: Dorsal branch of accessory nerve
Action: protractor of limb, raises head
Cleidocephalicus muscle is mainly innervated by:
dorsal branch of accessory nerve
Cleidobrachialis muscle is mainly innervated by:
Axillary N. (from the brachial plexus, which also innervates deltoideus M, teres major M, teres minor M
Sternocephalicus Muscle can split into what in regards to different domestic animals?
- Sternomandibularis M. (horse, ox, and goat); only part in the horse
- Sternomastoideus muslce (all domestic animals EXCEPT horse)
- Sternooccipitalis muslce (dog and cat)
Sternocephalicus M. can also be called what in the horse?
Sternomandibularis