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Anatomy > Large Animal Anatomy Dr C review questions on head > Flashcards

Large Animal Anatomy Dr C review questions on head Flashcards

1
Q

Name the processes of the bovine zygomatic bone

A

Frontal and temporal process

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2
Q

In which species can the supraorbital sulcus be seen?

A

Large ruminants

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3
Q

In which species does the facial crest end at the facial tubercle?

A

Horse

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4
Q

In which species can the interincisive fissure be outlined?

A

ruminants

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5
Q

In which species can the interincisive canal be outlined?

A

horse

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6
Q

The condylar canal is found only in this species

A

Large ruminants

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7
Q

Is there a foramen lacerum in ruminants?

A

No

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8
Q

The bony foramen ovale is found in which species?

A

Ruminants

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9
Q

The hard palate consists of the following bones:

A
  • palatine processes of the incisive and maxillary bones

- horizontal parts of the palatine bones

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10
Q

Name the foramina of the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary, sphenopalatine, caudal palatine

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11
Q

List in a dorsoventral order the foramina of the orbital hiatus in ruminants

A

Ethmoid foramina, optic canal, foramen orbitorotundum

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12
Q

Whose bone does the piriform fossa belong to?

A

the wing of the basiphenoid bone

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13
Q

Which species does the depressor of the upper lip belong to?

A

Ruminants

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14
Q

Name the muscle where the cutaneous faciei M. originates from

A

Depressor of the lower lip

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15
Q

In which species is the occipitomandibular part of the digastricus found?

A

Horse

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16
Q

Which group of the muscles of the ear is called “muscles of attention”?

A

Rostral

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17
Q

Describe the stylohyoid muscle in the equine

A

Muscular origin on the stylohyoid angle of the stylohyoid bone; tendon is split and inserted on the basihyoid bone

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18
Q

Is the occipitohyoideus an intrinsic muscle of the hyoid apparatus?

A

No

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19
Q

Name the structures that the transversus hyoideus is attached to

A

epihyoid cartilages

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20
Q

List the attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Origin on the pterygoid crest, insertion on the pterygoid fossa

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21
Q

List the masticatory muscles which the open the mouth

A

Digastricus

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22
Q

Which of the masticatory muscles is supplied by the facial N.?

A

Caudal belly of the digastricus

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23
Q

List the branches of the facial A. in the bovine

A

Inferior labial, superior labial, angularis oris, lateral nasal (rostral and caudal), dorsal nasal, angularis oculi (the last three may be branches of the malar a.)

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24
Q

List all terminal branches of the maxillary A. between the rostral alar foramen and the pterygopalatine fossa (in equine of course)

A

Buccal, minor palatine, infraorbital, malaris, descending palatine, sphenopalatine, major palatine

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25
Q

What is the name of the artery delivered by the infraorbital A. before entering the maxillary foramen?

A

Malar A. (malaris)

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26
Q

Which species are not provided with the linguofacial trunk. A.?

A

small ruminants (may be absent in cow)

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27
Q

List all structures in a rostrocaudal order running parallel and close to the rostral border of the masseter M. in bovine

A

Facial A., facial V., mandibular marginal branch, parotid duct

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28
Q

List the veins of the horse head provided with dilations (sinuses)

A

Transverse facial, deep facial, buccal

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29
Q

List the lymph nodes of the head in equine

A

Parotid, mandibular, medial retropharyngeal, lateral retropharyngeal

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30
Q

What is the name of the etiologic agent responsible for the condition called melioidosis?

A

Burkholderia (or bacillus, or malleomyces) pseudomallei

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31
Q

List by roman numerals the motor cranial nerves

A

oculomotor N (III), trochlear N (IV), abducens N (VI), accessory N (XI), hypoglossal N (XII)

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32
Q

List by roman numerals hte cranial nerves carrying parasympathetic fibers

A

occulomotor (III), facial N (VII), glossopharyngeal N (IX), vagus (X)

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33
Q

List the parasympathetic ganglia of the head in the large mammals

A

Ciliary, pterygopalatine, mandibular, otic

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34
Q

List the preganglionic fibers of cranial N. III

A

Oculomotor N.

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35
Q

List the structures supplied by the postganglionic fibers ciliary, pterygopalatine, mandibular and otic ganglia

A

Ciliary - eye
Pterygopalatine - the lacrimal gland, third eyelid, nasal glands
Mandibular - mandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Otic - parotid gland

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36
Q

List the branches of the ophthalmic N.

A

Lacrimal N., Frontal N., Nasociliary N (long cilliary Nn, ethmoidal N, infratrochlear N)

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37
Q

List the branches of the maxillary N.

A

Zygomatic N. (zygomaticotemporal branch, zygomaticofacial branch); Pterygopalatine N. (major palatine N, minor palatine N, caudal nasal N); Infraoribtal N

38
Q

List the branches of the mandibular N

A

Masticatory N (caudal and middle deep temporal, masseteric N),
Buccal N. (rostral deep temporal N.),
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid Nn
Auriculotemporal N.
Lingual N.
Inferior alveolar N. (mylohyoid N, mental N.)

39
Q

List the muscles supplied by the abducent N.

A

Lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

40
Q

List the branches of the intermediate N.

A

Chorda tympani (madibular ggl.), major petrosal N. (pterygopalatine ggl)

41
Q

List the branches of the facial N. in its subparotidian segment (from the stylomastoid foramen to running on the masseter M)

A

Ramus colli, digastric N. (sending the stylohyoid N.), caudal auricular, internal auricular branch, auriculopalpebral

42
Q

List the nerves which control the sensitivity of the head skin as branches of the trigeminal N., and their territory of supply

A
  • ophthalmic N: the eye and from the base of the ear through the facial crest and infraorbital foramen: from here a perpendicular to the midline of the head
  • Maxillary (infraorbital N.): rostral to the territory of the ophthalmic N., from facial tubercle to the commissure of the lips and the upper lip
  • Mandibular (auriculotemporal N): base of the ear, and ventral to the territories of the former two nerves and close to the ventral border of the head
43
Q

List the branches of the maxillary A. and maxillary N. and the foramina of the pterygopalatine fossa where the branches pass through

A
  • Maxillary foramen: infraorbital A. and N.
  • Sphenopalatine foramen: sphenopalatine A., caudal nasal N.
  • Caudal palatine foramen: major palatine A. and N.
44
Q

List the foramina that the branches of the maxillary A. and N. exit

A
  • Infraorbital foramen: infraorbital N.

- major palatine foramen: major palatine A. and N.

45
Q

List the nerves which control the sensitivity of the skin around the eye

A

supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, lacrimal

46
Q

While twitching the upper lip a nerve is compressed producing pain; name this nerve

A

Infraorbital

47
Q

What artery does the cornual A. belong to; what nerve does the cornual N. belong to?

A

Cornual A. branches off of the superficial temporal A.; cornual N. branches from the lacrimal N. or the zygomaticotemporal N.

48
Q

What additional nerve should be blocked while dehorning a goat besides the cornual N.?

A

Infratrochlear N.

49
Q

The glossopharyngeal and the vagus Nn. have one branch with the same name, which is this?

A

pharyngeal

50
Q

List the bone, muscle, artery, and nerves shown on the lateral aspect of the hyoid apparatus in a rostrocaudal direction

A

Stylohyoid bone, CNIX, linguofacial trunk A., CNXII, stylohyoideus

51
Q

List the muscles supplied by the oculomotor N.

A

Levator palpebrae superioris; dorsal, medial and ventral rectus; ventral oblique

52
Q

List the landmarks and approaches for blocking the infraorbital N.

A

Infraorbital foramen, facial tubercle, nasoincisive notch

53
Q

The nostrils in all species are provided with cartilages. Which is the only species with alar cartilages?

A

Horse

54
Q

List the conchae and meatuses of the nasal cavity

A

Conchae: dorsal, middle, ventral, ethmoidal
Meatuses: dorsal, middle, ventral, and common

55
Q

What is the name of the largest ethmoidal concha?

A

Middle conchal sinus

56
Q

Define the choana

A

The communication between one nasal compartment and the nasopharynx

57
Q

Pass a nasogastric tube or an endoscope up to the origin of the esophagus; follow it

A

Nostril, ventral nasal meatus, choana, nasopharynx, intrapharyngeal opening

58
Q

Outline the caudal maxillary sinus in equine

A

Medial angle of the eye, facial crest, 1-2 cm caudal to facial tubercle

59
Q

List the compartments of the frontal paranasal sinus in ruminants

A

Medial, intermediate and lateral rostral, caudal frontal

60
Q

Which are the compartments of the oral cavity?”

A

Oral cavity proper, vestibulum

61
Q

Where is the fossa linguae located?

A

In front of the torus linguae (in ruminants only)

62
Q

The sublingual caruncle protects the openings of which ducts?

A

mandibular and major sublingual salivary glands

63
Q

The horse has only one sublingual salivary gland. Which of them?

A

Polystomatic

64
Q

Define the isthmus faucium

A

Communication between the oral cavity and the oropharynx, outlined by the palatoglossal folds, soft palate, and the tongue

65
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil located in bovine?

A

Within the soft palate, and containing the palatine sinus

66
Q

Where the hyoglossus M. attaches to and what is its action?

A

Attaches to the basihyoid and root of the tongue; retracts and depresses the tongue

67
Q

What is the soft floor of the oral cavity made of?

A

Mylohyoideus and geniohyoideus Mm.

68
Q

Where the parotid duct opens in the eq?

A

At the level of the 3rd upper PM, on parotid papilla

69
Q

List the muscles of the soft palate

A

Palatinus, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini

70
Q

What is the name of the muscle of the soft palate whose tendon surrounds the pterygoid hamulus?

A

Tensor veli palatini

71
Q

What is the epiglottic entrapment?

A

The positioning of the loose rostral epiglottic mucosa over the thickened caudal epiglottic mucosa

72
Q

What is the dorsal displacement of the soft palate?

A

When the soft palate is positioned above the epiglottis

73
Q

List the compartments of the pharynx

A

oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

74
Q

List the communications of the pharynx as a whole with the neighboring structures

A
  • Two rotrodorsal choanae (with the nasal cavity)
  • one rostroventral isthmus faucium (with the oral cavity proper)
  • two lateral symmetrical pharyngeal openings of the auditory tubes
  • one caudodorsal opening (to the esophagus)
  • one caudoventral aditus laryngis
75
Q

Name the boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

choanae, intrapharyngeal ostium, fornix, soft palate

76
Q

Name the boundaries of the oropharynx

A

Isthmus faucium, epiglottis, soft palate, base of the tongue

77
Q

Why is the laryngopharynx physiologically important?

A

The digestive and respiratory pathways cross each other

78
Q

The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is accompanied on each side by a prominence called “torus.” What is the name of them?

A

Torus tubarius, torus levatorius

79
Q

List by groups the constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A
  • Rostral (1st): pterygopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
  • Middle (2nd): hyopharyngeus
  • Caudal (3rd): thyro- and cricopharyngeus
80
Q

Which are the nerves supplying the pharyngeal muscles?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus)

81
Q

Describe the act of deglutition

A

The soft palate is shortened by the contraction of the palatinus, and lifted up by the levator veli palatini, the pharynx is dilated by the stylopharyngeus; the 1st, 2nd and 3rd constrictors push the bolus in three ways; after deglutition is performed, the tensor veli palatini restores the resting position of the soft palate

82
Q

What is the guttural pouch?

A

An evagination of the mucosa of the auditory tube through a fissure in the cartilage of the tube

83
Q

Define viborg’s triangle

A

The space between the linguofacial V., caudal border of ramus of mandible, and the crossed tendon of the sternomandibularis with the occipitomandibular part of the digastricus

84
Q

Describe the compartments of the gutteral pounch

A

Lateral smaller, medial larger, incompletely separated by stylohyoid bone

85
Q

List the roman numerals of CNs which run on the surface of the gutteral pouch

A

CN VII (facial), IX - XII

86
Q

Which are the most vulnerable structures passing over the medial compartment of the guttural pouch?

A

Internal carotid A.

87
Q

What is the empyema of the guttural pouch?

A

Accumulation of purulent material

88
Q

Describe the uveal tract (uvea, vascular tunic) of the eye

A

Choroid, ciliary body (processes and muscle), iris

89
Q

By which structure the anterior chamber of the eye is separated from the posterior chamber?

A

Iris

90
Q

Name the components of the conjuctiva

A

Palpebral, bulbar, 3rd eyelid

91
Q

Describe the lacrimal apparatus

A

Lacrimal gland, canalicluli, lacrimal caruncle, lacrimal puncta, canaliculi and sac, nasolacrimal canal

92
Q

Name the structure that the retina continues ateriorly with

A

Non pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body

Anatomy (16 decks)

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