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Anatomy > Large Animal Anatomy - Openings in the Skull > Flashcards

Large Animal Anatomy - Openings in the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Interincisive Canal

A

Major palatine A. (a single artery originating from the anastomosis of both Major Palatine Aa.)
Present only in the dog and horse.

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2
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Rostral opening of the infraorbital canal
Infraorbital A. (branch of Maxillary A.)
Infraorbital V.
Infraorbital N. (branch of maxillary N.)

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3
Q

Maxillary foramen

A

Caudal opening of infraorbital canal

Infraorbital A., V., & N.

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4
Q

Sphenopalatine foramen

A

Opening between the pterygopalatine fossa and the nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine A. & V.
Caudal Nasal N.

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5
Q

Caudal Palatine Foramen

A

Caudal opening of the Major (greater) palatine canal

Major Palatine A. & N.

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6
Q

Major Palatine Foramen

A

Rostral opening of the major (greater) palatine canal

Major Palatine A. & N.

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7
Q

Fossa for Lacrimal Sac

A

Absent in the pig

Lacrimal Sac sits in fossa

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8
Q

Lacrimal Foramen & Lacrimal Canal

A

The lacrimal canal is part of the nasolacrimal canal within the lacrimal bone.
Nasolacrimal duct passes through

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9
Q

Infratrochlear incisure

A

-infratrochlear N.

The infratrochlear N. (sensory) can be blocked at this location.

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10
Q

Where can the infratrochlear N. be blocked?

A

Infratrochlear incisure

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11
Q

Infratrochlear N. motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

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12
Q

Supraorbital Foramen (eq)

A

Supraorbital A. & V.
Frontal N.
Frontal N. emerges through the supraorbital foramen/canal ONLY IN THE HORSE.

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13
Q

Supraorbital Canal (su & Ru)

A

Supraorbital A. and V.

NO FRONTAL N. HERE IN SU and RU

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14
Q

Ethmoid foramen

A

External ethmoidal A. & V. and Ethmoid N.
The A., V., and N. enter the cranial cavity through the ethmoid foramen and then pass through the lamina cribrosa to enter the nasal cavity.

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15
Q

Optic canal

A

Optic N. (= cranial N. II)

Located in presphenoid bone

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16
Q

Orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor N. (= cranial N. III)
Trochlear N. (= cranial N. IV)
Ophthalmic N. (a branch of the trigeminal N. (CN V))
Abducens N. (=cranial N. VI)
-present in the carnivores and the horse
-in the majority of horses, the trochlear N. passes through a small foramen, the trochlear foramen located on the pterygoid crest

17
Q

In majority of horses, where does the trochlear N. pass?

A

Trochlear foramen located on the pterygoid crest

18
Q

Round foramen (= foramen rotundum)

A

Maxillary N. (a branch of the trigeminal N)

  • Present in carnivores and horse
  • opens into the alar canal in the dog and the horse
19
Q

Foramen Orbitorotundum

A 
Oculomotor N. (= cranial N III)
Trochlear N. (= cranial N IV)
Ophthalmic N. (branch of trigeminal N. (cranial N V))
Maxillary N. (branch of trigeminal N.)
Abducens N. (= cranial N. VI)
**Cranial Nerves 3-6 pass through here**
20
Q

Oval foramen (= foramen ovale)

A

Mandibular N. (a branch of the trigeminal N.)

-Present in ruminants and carnivores

21
Q

Rostral alar foramen

A

Maxillary A. & N.
(maxillary N. is branch of trigeminal N.)
-Present ONLY in dog and horse, it is the rostral opening of the alar canal

22
Q

Small alar foramen

A

Rostral deep temporal A.

-present only in the horse, it opens into the alar canal

23
Q

Caudal alar foramen

A

Maxillary A.

  • Present ONLY in dog and horsrse
  • it is the caudal opening of the alar canal
24
Q

Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

Facial N. (= cranial N. VII)
Vestibulocochlear N. (= cranial N. VIII)
-Internal opening of the facial canal

25
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Facial N. (= cranial N. VII)

The external opening of the facial canal

26
Q

Foramen Lacerum

A

Internal Carotid A. (carotid incisure)
Mandibular N. (Oval incisure)
Middle meningeal A. (spinoud incisure)
-Present ONLY in the horse and pig
-the carotid incisure is not present n the pig
-foramen lacerum connected b/w carotid incisure proximally and jugular foramen distally

27
Q

Jugular foramen

A 
Glossopharyngeal N. (= cranial N. IX)
Vagus N. (= cranial N. X)
Accessory N. (= cranial N. XI)
Internal carotid A. (Su & Ru)
-Located between the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone  (just distal to foramen lacerum)
28
Q

Canal for the Hypoglossal Nerve

A

Hypoglossal N. (= cranial N. XII)

-Hypoglossal N. innervates all extrinsic and all intrinsic muscles of the tongue

29
Q

Condylar Canal

A 
Condylar sinus (venous)
-present in carnivores and ruminants ONLY
30
Q

Mandibular Foramen

A

Inferior alveolar A. & V. (branches of the maxillary A. & V.)
Inferior alveolar N. (branch of the mandibular N.)
-Mandibular foramen is the caudal opening of the mandibular canal

31
Q

Mental Foramen

A

Mental A & V (branches of the inferior alveolar A. & V.)
Mental N. (a branch of the inferior alveolar N.)
-Mental foramen is the rostral opening of the mandibular canal

Anatomy (16 decks)

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