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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS1 > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neck?

A

the junction between the head and the thorax

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2
Q

what is the superior limit of the neck?

A

the mandible and base of skull

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3
Q

what is the inferior limit of the neck?

A

the thoracic inlet

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4
Q

what divides the neck into anterior and posterior portions?

A

the sternocleidomastoid

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5
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid attach to?

A

sternum, clavicle and the mastoid process

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6
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process

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7
Q

what is the distal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

sternum and clavicle

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8
Q

what causes mastoiditis?

A

oral infections

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9
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscles, the midline and the lower border of the mandible

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10
Q

why is the neck divided into traingles?

A

to communicate anatomically and to know where the cancer is

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11
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscle and middle third of the clavicle

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12
Q

what can the anterior contents be divided into?

A

muscles, skeletal elements and viscera, glands, nerves and vessels

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13
Q

what does the hyoid bone do?

A

provide an anchor for the other muscles

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14
Q

where is the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

from the adams apple to the hyoid bone

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15
Q

what does the mylohyoid muscle form?

A

the floor of the mouth

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16
Q

what are the skeletal elements of the anterior triangle?

A

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone and trachea

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17
Q

what is the largest laryngeal cartilage?

A

thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

where is the cricoid cartilage?

A

below the thyroid cartilage and just above the trachea

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19
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

mylohyoid and infrahyoid muscles

20
Q

what are the glands of the anterior triangle?

A

thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, submandibular gland

21
Q

what type of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

endocrine

22
Q

what type of gland is the parathyroid gland?

A

endocrine

23
Q

what type of gland is the submandibular gland?

A

exocrine

24
Q

why are the thyroid and parathyroid glands endocrine glands?

A

they release hormones into the bloodstream

25
Q

what is the thyroid gland enclosed by?

A

pre-tracheal fascia

26
Q

what is the thyroid gland supplied by?

A

superior arteries (external carotid artery and inferior thyroid artery)

27
Q

where do the superior arteries stem from?

A

the subclavian artery

28
Q

where does the thyroid gland develop?

A

the floor of the mouth

29
Q

how are parathyroid glands arranged?

A

there are superior and inferior sets within the thyroid gland

30
Q

what does the parathyroid gland do?

A

produce parathyroid hormone which increases calcium uptake from gut, kidney and bone

31
Q

what happens when calcium levels are shifted up or down?

A

it means that they cant contract

32
Q

what does calcitonin do and where does it come from?

A

it is produced by the parathyroid gland and it reduces where calcium increases

33
Q

what nerves are part of the anterior triangle?

A

vagus, phrenic and hypoglossal

34
Q

what is the function of the vagus nerve in the anterior triangle?

A

reduces heart rate, supplies all the larynx muscles and if damaged the voice-box becomes paralysed

35
Q

where does the phrenic nerve travel and what does it supply?

A

through the neck and in front of the hilum to supply the diaphragm

36
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A

supplies most of the tongue and muscles

37
Q

what vertebrae does the phrenic nerve run from?

A

C3-5

38
Q

what blood vessels are part of the anterior triangle?

A

common carotid artery and jugular veins

39
Q

what is the deepest vein in the neck?

A

internal jugular vein

40
Q

what does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

80% of the brain

41
Q

what does the vertebral artery supply?

A

20% of the brain

42
Q

what can the posterior triangle be divided up into?

A

nerves, muscles, vessels and lymph nodes

43
Q

what nerves are part of the posterior triangle?

A

accessory nerve, parts of the brachial plexus and cutaneous cervical nerves

44
Q

what type of nerve is the accessory nerve?

A

purely motor

45
Q

what does the accessory nerve supply?

A

the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

46
Q

what do lymph nodes do?

A

filter lymph and offer defence against the spread of infection. They drain extracellular fluid from around the body

47
Q

what direction do all extracellular fluid drain to?

A

superficial to deep to internal jugular vein/subclavian artery

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS1 (5 decks)

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