Head and Neck 2

Question 1

what bones are involved in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 1

head of mandible/mandibular fossa/articular tubercle

Question 2

what ligaments are involved in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 2

sphenomandibular ligament/lateral ligament

Question 3

what are the parts of the TMJ?

Answer 3

bones, ligaments, capsule, muscles attaching to or near the joint, synovial joint/fibrocartilaginous disc

Question 4

in the TMJ where does the mandible sit?

Answer 4

in the mandibular fossa

Question 5

what is the articular joint?

Answer 5

a joining disc which partially holds the joint together when the mouth is closed

Question 6

what is the condyle?

Answer 6

the ball at the top of the mandible

Question 7

what is the TMJ formed of?

Answer 7

the condyle of the mandible, the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle

Question 8

how is the mandible formed?

Answer 8

by the union of two halves at the midline with each of them having a horizontal body and a vertical ramus

Question 9

where is the angle of the mandible?

Answer 9

where the ramus and the body meet

Question 10

what are the parts of the ramus?

Answer 10

it is a flat bone with two processes at the superior end: condylar and coronoid. It also has a mandibular notch and mandibular foramen

Question 11

what is the mandibular notch?

Answer 11

the dip at the top of the ramus between the condylar and coronoid processes

Question 12

where is the condylar process?

Answer 12

it is the outermost process on the ramus (closer to the ear)

Question 13

where is the coronoid process?

Answer 13

it is the innermost process (closer to the nose)

Question 14

what are the parts of the body of the mandible?

Answer 14

metal foramen/mylohyoid line/mental spine

Question 15

what part of the temporal bone contributes to the TMJ?

Answer 15

articular tubercle

Question 16

what parts of the mandible contribute to the TMJ?

Answer 16

condyle and mandibular fossa

Question 17

what type of joint is the synovial joint?

Answer 17

it is a modified hinge joint

Question 18

what is the articular surface of the TMJ covered with?

Answer 18

fibrocartilage

Question 19

what are the parts of the capsule?

Answer 19

attachments, thickenings, lateral ligament - the strongest ligament

Question 20

what are the accessory ligaments?

Answer 20

sphenomandibular and stylomandibular

Question 21

what is the styloid process?

Answer 21

the wee bone that is connected to the stylomandibular ligament

Question 22

what is the structure inside the capsule?

Answer 22

there is a superior and inferior compartment which are divided by a fibrocartilaginous disc

Question 23

what is the movements of the upper part of the capsule?

Answer 23

gliding movement

Question 24

what is the movement of the lower part of the capsule?

Answer 24

hinge movement

Question 25

what are all the possible movements of the joint?

Answer 25

depression, elevation, protrusion and retraction

Question 26

when does theTMJ have the greatest stability?

Answer 26

when the mandible is elevated as teeth are occluded and the condyle is secure in articular fossa

Question 27

what is the most common injury to the TMJ?

Answer 27

forward dislocation

Question 28

what does forward dislocation of the TMJ stretch?

Answer 28

the alveolar nerve

Question 29

what happens if the alveolar nerve is stretched?

Answer 29

there could be possible damage to the nerve supply to the lower teeth

Question 30

what nerve supplies all the lower teeth?

Answer 30

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 31

what is the blood supply to the TMJ?

Answer 31

external carotid artery which has superficial temporal and maxillary branches

Question 32

what nerves supply the TMJ?

Answer 32

auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves which are both derived from Vc

Question 33

what nerve do the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves come from?

Answer 33

Vc : the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 34

what are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 34

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

Question 35

what nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

Answer 35

Vc

Question 36

what is the masseter joined to?

Answer 36

the zygoma and the maxilla

Question 37

what is the masseter responsible for?

Answer 37

elevation of the mandible

Question 38

what nerve supplies the masseter?

Answer 38

masseteric nerve from Vc

Question 39

what are the 2 parts of the masseter?

Answer 39

superficial and deep

Question 40

what are the front fibres of the temporalis for?

Answer 40

elevation of the mandible

Question 41

what are the back fibres of the temporalis for?

Answer 41

retraction of the mandible

Question 42

what does the temporalis attach to?

Answer 42

the mandible

Question 43

what direction does the medial pterygoid run?

Answer 43

downwards and backwards

Question 44

what does the medial pterygoid join to?

Answer 44

the angle of the mandible

Question 45

what is the medial pterygoid responsible for?

Answer 45

the elevation and slight protrusion of the mandible

Question 46

what nerve supplies the medial pterygoid?

Answer 46

Vc

Question 47

what does the lateral pterygoid do?

Answer 47

depresses and protrudes the mandible

Question 48

what is the only muscle that depresses the mandible?

Answer 48

lateral pterygoid

Question 49

where does the medial pterygoid arise from and insert to?

Answer 49

the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts onto the medial surface of the angle of the mandible and ramus

Question 50

where does the lateral pterygoid arise from and insert to?

Answer 50

it arises from the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and lateral sirface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts into the neck of the mandible at the fovea and to the capsule an the intra-capsular disc