Clinical Anatomy of the Face

Question 1

what is the cranium?

Answer 1

skeleton of the head

Question 2

what are the two parts of the cranium?

Answer 2

neurocranium and viscerocranium

Question 3

what is the neurocranium?

Answer 3

bony covering of brain and meninges

Question 4

what is the viscerocranium?

Answer 4

facial skeleton

Question 5

what is the roof of the neurocranium called?

Answer 5

calvaria

Question 6

what is the floor of the neurocranium called?

Answer 6

cranial base

Question 7

what are the bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 7

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, occipital, temporal, parietal

Question 8

how many bones are in the neurocranium?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

how many bones are in the viscerocranium?

Answer 9

14

Question 10

what bones of the viscerocranium are pneumatised (where the sinuses are found)

Answer 10

frontal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid

Question 11

name in order of 1-12 the cranial nerves

Answer 11

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

Question 12

what nerves supply the sensory innervation to the face?

Answer 12

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerve from the trigeminal nerve

Question 13

what nerve supplies the motor innervation to the face?

Answer 13

mandibular nerve from the trigeminal nerve

Question 14

what are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

masseter, temporalis and pterygoids

Question 15

where does the masseter stretch from?

Answer 15

the zygomatic arch to the mandible

Question 16

where does the temporalis stretch from?

Answer 16

the frontal/parietal bones to the coronoid process of the mandible

Question 17

how are the muscles of the face arranged?

Answer 17

around the orifices

Question 18

how are muscles attached?

Answer 18

to the bone or fascia and then to the skin

Question 19

what nerve supplies the muscles of the face?

Answer 19

the facial nerve

Question 20

what is the orbicularis oris?

Answer 20

the muscle around the lips

Question 21

what does the buccinator do?

Answer 21

pushes all food and fluid into the centre of the mouth

Question 22

what does the buccinator do?

Answer 22

pushes all the food and fluid into the centre of the mouth

Question 23

what is the palpebral part of the orbital opening?

Answer 23

tiny muscles on eyelid that controls the closing of the eyes

Question 24

what is the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 24

a larger muscle that surrounds the eye

Question 25

what are the facial diseases that can occur?

Answer 25

facial palsy/paralysis, parotidectomy, facial reanimation

Question 26

what is Bell’s palsy?

Answer 26

facial paralysis on 1 side and the facial nerve is affected

Question 27

in facial reanimation why is it that after 12 months you cannot reconstruct the nerve?

Answer 27

it has already died

Question 28

what does treatment of facial reanimation depend on?

Answer 28

level of injury, duration of paralysis, immediate/early reconstruction, intermediate reconstruction, late reconstruction