The Neck

Question 1

The __________ stretches the vocal ligament to tense the vocal cords. This creates a ________ _____ during phonation.

Answer 1

Cricothyroids;

Higher pitch

Question 2

What laryngeal muscle abducts the vocal cords? What purpose does it serve?

Answer 2

Posterior cricoarytenoids;

creates a wider aperture for inhalation

Question 3

What laryngeal muscle adducts the vocal cord and what does it accomplish?

Answer 3

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles;

Narrows the aperture when whispering

Question 4

A tumor at the jugular foramen presents in a patient as dysphasia or difficulty swallowing. What cranial nerve was injured to result in this finding?

Answer 4

Vagus nerve (CN X) is responsible for swallowing reflexes and provides motor innervation to muscles of the pharynx (except the stylopharyngeus, CN IX)

Question 5

What structures pass through the Submandibular triangle and what are its borders?

Answer 5

Bounded by the 2 bellies of the digastrics and inferior border of the mandible, this space contains the Hypoglossal and facial nerves.

Question 6

To take out inflamed palatine tonsils, a surgeon would have to excise them between the ___________ and _________ arches.

Answer 6

Between the (posterior) Palatopharyngeal arch and the (anterior) Palatoglossal arch.

Question 7

List at least 3 landmarks for the position of the cricoid cartilage.

Answer 7

Junction between the esophagus and pharynx; junction between the tracheal and larynx; site of entrance for the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the larynx; @ C6 vertebra

Question 8

The ________________ is a muscle innervated by CN IX that came from the 3rd pharyngeal arch

Answer 8

Stylopharyngeus

Question 9

The ______ ________ nerve, is the sensory branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve. This differs from the motor branch which is the _________ ________ nerve that innervates the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except the ______ muscle.

Answer 9

Internal laryngeal nerve (sensory) to laryngeal mucosa;
External laryngeal nerve (motor) to intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroids = recurrent laryngeal N.). External laryngeal artery runs nearby the Superior thyroid artery.

Question 10

An abnormal retention of cysts ventral to the midline of the neck and between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage is an indication of what congenital defect?

Answer 10

Thyroglossal duct

Question 11

A _____ ______ Syndrome involves a narrowing of the left subclavian artery proximal to the vertebral artery. Symptoms include _________ when working the left upper limb.

Answer 11

Subclavian Steal Syndrome;

Light-headedness when exerting the left upper limb