The Knee and Foot Flashcards
The femoral artery becomes the _________ artery after it passes through the _________ hiatus.
Popliteus artery;
Adductor Hiatus
What structures may be injured in the knee area if someone sustains a clipping injury from football (unhappy triad)?
Medial meniscus, MCL, ACL “MMA” are injured from Valgus stress or blunt trauma from the lateral side of the knee.
The outer third of the meniscus in the knee is _______; whereas the inner 2/3 are ________.
Vascular outer 1/3 of the meniscus can be surgically repaired.
Inner 2/3 is avascular so it cannot heal.
What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?
2 Cruciates: ACL and PCL +
2 Collaterals: MCL and LCL
What sign would a meniscal tear present as?
“Duck walk” from slightly flexed knees since the knee cannot fully extend without a functional meniscus.
What muscle unlocks the knee and how does it do it?
Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by laterally rotating the femur on a fixed tibia.
What is the function and parts of the Anterior Cruciate ligament in the knee?
ACL reduces anterior displacement of the tibia on a fixed femur, such as from swinging your legs while sitting on a high chair. The anteriomedial part is tight at flexion of the knee; whereas, the posterolateral part is tight during extension of the knee.
A mush-end pont is observed when a physician conducts Lachman’s test on a soccer player’s knee. What ligament in the knee was most likely injured as indicated by this finding?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL tear)
A Varus stress test evaluates what knee ligament?
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), which is tight during extension,naturally wants to resist movement from a sustained medial trauma on the knee.
What is the function and parts of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in the knee?
PCL prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on a fixed femur such as from walking down the stairs. The Large anterolateral portion is tight during knee flexion. Whereas,the smaller postero-medial part is tight at extension.
How does one conduct the Lachman test on the knee?
Test the ACL when it’s at its tightest position which is during knee extension. Hold the femur steady with one hand and slowly pull the tibia anteriorly with the other hand. A mushy end-pont indicates an ACL tear.
What are some common treatment options for someone with an ACL tear?
Allograft Surgery, in which a surgeon takes a portion of a tendon from the gracilis or semitendinosus muscles to substitute the torn ACL is an option.
What 2 joints function for the inversion or eversion of the foot? What is the significance of both?
Subtalar (lateral) and transverse tarsal (deep) joints;
They are functionally coupled, so one cannot work without the other
