The Neck Flashcards
What does the superficial neck fascia contain?
sensory nerves
platysma muscles
blood vessels (superficial veins)
lymphatic vessels and superficial lymph nodes
What makes the cervical plexus?
Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2, 3, 4
What are the sensory nerves of the cervical plexus?
- great auricular (C2, 3)
- transverse cervical (C2, 3)
- lesser occipital (C2)
- supraclavicular (C3, 4)
What group of muscles does the platysma belong to?
Muscles of facial expression
What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression ?
CN VII - facial nerve
What branch of the facial nerve is the platysma supplied by?
Cervical branch
Where do superficial veins drain into?
Internal jugular veins
What are the 3 superficial jugular veins?
- external jugular veins
- anterior jugular veins
- superficial jugular communicating veins
What are the 3 layers of deep cervical fascia?
- investing
- pretracheal
- prevertebral
What muscles does the investing layer of deep cervical fascia split to contain?
Trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
What does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia split superiorly to enclose?
submandibular and parotid salivary glands
What cranial nerve is deep to the investing later?
CN XI - Spinal accessory nerve
What are the 2 parts of the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia and what do they enclose?
- visceral (organ) - thyroid gland
- muscular - strap muscles
What does the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia enclose and contain?
postural muscles and cervical vertebrae
contains carotid sheaths
What do the carotid sheaths connect?
superior mediastinum and jugular foraminae and carotid canals at base of skull
What major vessels do the carotid sheaths contain?
- internal jugular veins
- carotid arteries
- CN X (vagus)
- deep cervical chain of lymph nodes
Where does the retropharyngeal space lie?
between the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
What fascia is continuous with the pretracheal fascia inferiorly?
buccopharyngeal fascia
What are the 4 anterior neck triangles?
- submandibular
- submental
- muscular
- carotid
What are the 3 borders of the posterior triangle?
- trapezius
- clavicle
- Sternocleidomastoid
What are the contents of the posterior neck triangle?
CN XI - spinal accessory nerve
How do you clinically test the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
- shrug shoulders
- turn head to look down towards opposite side
What are the borders of the anterior neck triangle?
- sternocleidomastoid (right anf left)
- inferior border of mandible (right and left)
What does the submental triangle contain?
- anterior belly of digastric
- mylohyoid muscle
- anterior jugular vein
- submental lymph nodes
What does the submandibular triangle contain?
- digastric muscle
- mylohyoid muscle
- submandibular gland
- facial artery
- facial vein
- submandibular lymph nodes
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
Motor supply to striated muscles of tongue EXCEPT palatoglossus
What is ansa cervicalis?
C1 C2 C3 motor fibres of the hypoglossal nerve
What does ansa cervicalis supply?
strap muscles except thyrohyoid
What are the 4 strap muscles?
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
What innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?
C1 motor fibres of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What triangle are the strap muscles apart of?
Muscular
