Nasal cavity Flashcards
Why can you not use adrenaline-containing local anaesthetics near the nasal cartilages?
- Cartilage doesn’t have direct blood supply
- It relies on diffusion from surrounding arteries
- It can constrict these arteries to the point where cartilage can die
What are the 7 bones of the nasal cavity?
- frontal
- nasal
- ethmoid
- inferior nasal concha
- maxilla
- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
- the vomer
What bone is the roof of the ethmoid bone?
cribriform plate and crista galli
what is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
superior and middle conchae
what is the septum of the ethmoid bone?
perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
What is the le fort fracture I?
separation of alveolar bone from the rest of the maxilla
what is the le fort fracture II?
majority of viscerocranium is separated away
what is the le fort fracture III?
separation of viscerocranium from neurocranium
What level fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?
2 and 3
What is the danger of disrupting the ethmoid bone?
danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa
What bones make up the medial wall of right nasal cavity?
- septal cartilage
- the vomer
- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
what bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
- frontal bone
- nasal bone
- maxilla
- palatine bone
- inferior, middle, and superior concha
- pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone
what are the 3 types of mucosa of the nasal cavity?
- keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
- respiratory epithelium
- olfactory mucosa
What is cranial nerve 1?
olfactory
what type of nerve is the olfactory nerve?
special sensory
what is the pathway of olfactory nerves receptor cells?
from olfactory mucosa, through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, 1st neurones in chain
where is the olfactory nerve ganglion?
olfactory bulb
what cell bodies are in the olfactory bulb?
cell bodies of 2nd neurones
where does the olfactory tract end?
temporal lobe
where do receptor cells synapse?
olfactory bulb
where are the olfactory receptor cells found?
olfactory mucosa on lateral wall and septum
what provides the somatic sensory nerve supply to the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity?
trigeminal nerve
where does the blood supply to the nasal cavity originate?
from both external and internal carotid arteries
what does the external carotid artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?
facial
maxillary
what does the internal carotid artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?
ophthalmic
what does the ophthalmic artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
what does the maxillary artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?
sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
what does the facial artery branch into to supply the nasal cavity?
lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery
what is kiesselbach’s area?
an arterial anastomosis on the nasal spetum
what is the name of the arterial anastomosis of the nasal septum?
kiesselbachs area
what is epistaxis?
nosebleed
what is the anatomical term for a nosebleed?
epistaxis
what are the 3 nasal conchae?
inferior middle and superior
what are the spaced under each concha?
meatuses
what are the 3 meatuses?
inferior middle and superior
what is the recess in the nasal cavity?
sphenoethmoidal
what lies above the superior concha?
sphenoethmoidal recess
what is the name for air filled spaces within bones?
paranasal sinuses
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
frontal
maxillary
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoid
what are the frontal sinuses separated by?
bony septum
what are paranasal sinuses lined by?
mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa
how does mucous drain into nasal cavities?
ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
where does the frontal sinus drain in to?
middle meatus
where do the ethmoidal cells drain in to?
superior and middle meatuses
where does the sphenoidal sinus drain in to?
sphenoethmoidal recess
where does the maxillary sinus drain in to?
middle meatus
what gland produces tears?
lacrimal gland
where do tears drain to?
lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct then the inferior meatus of nasal cavity
what is inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses?
sinusitis
what is sinusitis?
inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses
what are the 3 causes of sinusitis?
infection
allergy
autoimmune issues
what nerves create the pain sensation in sinusitis?
CN V1 and V2
What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?
nasal septum
what is the nasal septum formed from?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer and septal cartilages
what is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?
nasal bones and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
what is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?
right and left maxillae and palatine bones
what arteries form the anastomosis in the nasal cavity?
ophthalmic, maxillary and facial
what are the nasal cavities mainly lined by?
respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells
what are ostia?
“holes” in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls
what is the role of ostia’s?
allow drainage of mucous from the paranasal sinuses
